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Health And Illness 4 > Unit 1 - Endocrine Problems > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Endocrine Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

A

Abnormal secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland

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2
Q

What are the manifestations of SIADH?

A

Fluid retention, serum hyper-osmolality, dilution also hyponatremia, hypochloremia, concentrated urine, increased intravascular volume, and normal renal function

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of SIADH?

A

Lung cancer

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4
Q

What is the goal of treatment in SIADH?

A

Restore fluid and electrolyte balance

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5
Q

What are the fluid restrictions for minor cases of SIADH?

A

800-1000 ml/day

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6
Q

What are the treatment for severe SIADH?

A

Fluid restrictions of 500mL/day, IV hypertonic saline, IV Lasix, and Tolvaptan to block ADH effect on renal tubule

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7
Q

What must be monitored in the acute care of SIADH?

A

Decreased U/O with increased concentration, sudden increase in weight or decrease in Na

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8
Q

What assessments are necessary for acute care of SIADH?

A

LOC, VS, I&O, Urine concentration, daily weight, s/s hyponatremia, heart & lung sounds

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9
Q

What are nursing managements for SIADH?

A

HOB flat, protect from injury, ice chips to relieve thirst, offer gum, hard candy to suck on or moisture spray for thirst

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10
Q

What is diabetes insipidus (DI)?

A

Deficiency in production or renal response to ADH

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11
Q

What are the manifestations of DI?

A

Polydipsia, polyuria, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and increased serum osmality

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12
Q

What are the types of DI?

A

Neurogenic, nephrogenic, and psychologic

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13
Q

What is neurogenic DI?

A

Lesion in brain interferes with synthesis, transport, or release of ADH

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14
Q

What is nephrogenic DI?

A

Decreased renal response to ADH

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15
Q

What is psychologic DI?

A

Structural lesion in thirst center or psychological disorder causes increased fluid intake

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16
Q

What is the goal of DI treatment?

A

Treat primary cause of DI and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

17
Q

What are the acute care DI nursing interventions?

A

Monitor I&Os, daily weights, VS, ensure adequate fluid intake, and evaluate efficacy of DDVAP

18
Q

What does the DI patient need to be taught about DDAVP?

A

Observe for weight gain, headaches, restlessness, signs of hyponatremia, and increasingly dilute urine

19
Q

What is the goal of treatment in hyperthyroidism?

A

Block adverse effects of thyroid hormones and stop their secretion

20
Q

What is the therapy for hyperthyroidism?

A

PTU or tapazole, radioactive iodine (RAI), surgery, and nutritional

21
Q

What are dietary requirements for patients with hyperthyroidism?

A

High caloric intake, 1-2g protein/kG of ideal body weight, and avoid GI stimulating foods

22
Q

What are the interventions for Acute Thyrotoxicosis?

A

Medication, supportive care, quiet room, exphothalamous care

23
Q

What are the interventions for thyroid surgery?

A

Iodine administration, PTU administration, pre-op teaching, pot-op care

24
Q

What is the goal of hypothyroidism treatment?

A

Return to euthyroid state

25
Q

What is goal of treatment in Cushing’s Disease?

A

Normalize hormone secretion

26
Q

What is Cushing’s Disease?

A

Pituitary release too much ACTH, which results in over production of cortisol

27
Q

What drug therapy is used in Cushing’s Disease?

A

Mitotane

28
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

A

Adrenal glands hyposecrete cortisol

29
Q

How is Addison’s disease treated pharmacologically?

A

Hydrocortisone

30
Q

What are the acute nursing interventions with Addison’s Disease?

A

Frequent assessments, daily weights, corticosteroids, protect from infection, light/temperature/environmental extremes

31
Q

What are acute complications of DM?

A

Hypoglycemia, DKA, and HHS

32
Q

What is the medical treatment of mild to moderate hypoglycemia?

A

Give 10-15 mL of fast acting simple CHO, retest blood glucose after 15 mins, once greater than 4 mmol/L give a protein or starch

33
Q

What is the medical treatment of severe hypoglycemia?

A

Inject 1mg Glucagon SC or IM, IV administration of 25-50 mL D50W over 1-3 mins

34
Q

What causes DKA?

A

Fat is metabolized in absence of insulin causing release of ketones in blood

35
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of DKA?

A

Hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalance, and acidosis

36
Q

What are the common causes of DKA?

A

Decreased or missed dose of insulin, illness or infection, undiagnosed or untreated diabetes

37
Q

What is the nursing management of DKA?

A

Monitor fluid status, blood glucose, renal fx, electrolyte levels, ABGs, and mental status

38
Q

What care plan issues need to be addressed for hyperthyroidism?

A

Energy management, and nutritional management

39
Q

What are the case plan priorities for hypothyroidism?

A

Weight management, nutritional management, constipation, and impaired memory

Health And Illness 4 (5 decks)

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