Unit 1: End-of-Module Quizzes

Question 1

What is erythema?

Answer 1

Redness and warmth. From increased blood flow from vasodilation.

Question 2

What is the cause of edema?

Answer 2

Protein-rich fluid moving from the intravascular space to the tissues.

Question 3

What is margination?

Answer 3

The action of leukocytes adhering to the walls of blood vessels.

Question 4

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 4

The communication method that is used to call other cells to the site of injury.

Question 5

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 5

When a cell (neutrophil or macrophage usually) ingests and disposes of foreign material or invader.

Question 6

What are mast cells?

Answer 6

Cells that are made up of granular bags that live in the tissues throughout the body that can release chemical signals.

Question 7

Which cell is considered the most critical to acquired immunity?

Answer 7

T helper (CD4) cells

T helper cells both direct the cell-mediated immunity as well as activate B cells for humoral immunity to produce antibodies.

Question 8

______ cells make antibodies, which are proteins that are produced in response to one particular antigen.

Answer 8

B

B cells make plasma cells which produce antibodies.

Question 9

This is the type of cell that displays a fragment of the antigen on it’s surface which makes it marked for recognition by T lymphocytes.

Answer 9

Antigen presenting cells (APC) is the type of cell. Macrophages are one type of APC. The MHC is the “barcode” type of designation that helps T cells know if it is “self” vs “nonself”.

Question 10

Which values are elevated?  How would you interpret these results?  What is a possible cause?  
	Normal values 	          Pt's values
WBC 	5,000-10,000/uL 	     18,000
stab/bands 	0-10% 	               20%
PMN/segs 	50-70% 	               70%
lymphocytes 	15-45% 	                4%
monocytes 	0-10% 	                 1%
eosinophils 	0-6% 	                 4%
basophils 	0-2% 	                 1%

Answer 10

Early bacterial infection

The overall WBC is elevated. Normal is 5,000-10,000. The immature neutrophils (the stabs/bands) are elevated which means that the bone marrow is kicking out cells because they are needed. This can either be early in the infection or an overwhelming infection where more and more neutrophils are needed. None of the other answers apply. Remember that the decreased lymphocyte count is insignificant as the whole thing is based on percentages and not actual counts. As one percentage goes up, the others have to go down.