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APES > Unit 1 - Ecosystems > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of aquatic biomes?

A

Fresh Water
Salt Water

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2
Q

What two factors determine a terrestrial biome?

A

Temperature
Rainfall

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3
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Desert?

A

Hot
Dry
NPP: 10

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4
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Savanna?

A

Hot
Wet spring, dry winter
NPP: 700

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5
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Shrubland?

A

Hot summer, cold winter
Dry summer, wet winter
NPP: 600

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6
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Taiga (Boreal Forest)?

A

Mild summer, cold winter
Low precipitation
NPP: 800

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7
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Temperate Grassland?

A

Warm to hot summer, cold winter
Low precipitation
NPP: 500

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8
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Temperate Rainforest?

A

Mild temp year-round
Dry summer, wet rest of year
NPP: 1300

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9
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Temperate Deciduous Rainforest?

A

mild year-round,
mild precipitation year-round

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10
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Chapparal?

A

Hot year round
Small levels of precipitation in the winter

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11
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Tropical Rainforest?

A

hot
rainy
NPP: 2000

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12
Q

What are the key characteristics of a Tundra?

A

Cold
Low rainfall
NPP: 200

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13
Q

What are the key characteristics of a coral reef?

A

Earth’s most diverse marine biome
photosynthetic algae in the tissue of coral

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14
Q

What are the key characteristics of the open ocean?

A

Photic zone: where sunlight penetrates and photosynthesis can happen
Aphotic zone: where sunlight cannot penetrate and photosynthesis cannot happen
Benthic zone: the ocean floor

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15
Q

What are the key characteristics of a salt marsh/estuary?

A

mixing of salt and fresh water (Brackish water)

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16
Q

What are the key characteristics of a pond/freshwater lake?

A

standing freshwater

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17
Q

What are the key characteristics of streams and rivers?

A

flowing freshwater
threatened by excess nutrients and pollutants

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18
Q

What are the key characteristics of a wetland (swamp, marsh, bog)?

A

highest productivity (GPP) - most photosynthesis
reduces the severity of floods
filters pollutants
recharge groundwater (prevents droughts)

19
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Both species in the interaction benefit
- clownfish x sea anemone

20
Q

what is commensalism?

A

One benefits while the other is unharmed
- shark x remora

21
Q

what is parsitism?

A

One benefits while the other is harmed
- humans x tapeworms

22
Q

what is resource partitioning?

A

the division of resources to avoid competition
morphological: bodily difference = different food source
spatial: occupy different spaces within the same habitat
temporal: same food source but are active at different times

23
Q

what is intraspecific competition?

A

competition between members of the same species

24
Q

what is interspecific competition?

A

competition between members of different species

25
Q

what is the total energy created by producers called?

A

Gross primary productivity (GPP)

26
Q

what is the amount of energy available to the different trophic levels called?

A

Net primary productivity (NPP)

27
Q

what is the equation for finding NPP?

A

NPP = GPP - R

28
Q

what is deamination?

A

the process of turning NO3 in the soil into NH4 during death/decay (from decomposers)

29
Q

what is denitrification?

A

the process of converting NO3 (nitrates) into atmospheric nitrogen (N2) using denitrifying bacteria

30
Q

what is nitrification?

A

the process of turning NH3 or NH4 (ammonia) into NO2 (nitrites) and then into NO3 (nitrates). (each step is possible through nitrifying bacteria)

31
Q

what is nitrogen fixation?

A

the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into NO3 (Nitrates) through lightning and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes

32
Q

what major region does the phosphorus cycle not go through?

A

the atmosphere

33
Q

what are storages for phosphorus?

A

soils and the ocean

34
Q

how does phosphorus in the soil end up in water?

A

leaching

35
Q

how does mined phosphorus end up in the soil and ocean?

A

fertilizers and detergents

36
Q

what process must occur to make rock phosphorus available to plants?

A

weathering

37
Q

what are two ways carbon leaves the atmosphere?

A

photosynthesis from plants
CO2 dissolving into the ocean when it meets the air

38
Q

what process do all living organisms conduct that releases CO2 into the atmosphere?

A

cellular respiration

39
Q

how are fossil fuels created?

A

organism waste and remails can be compounded into sedimentary rock and turned into fossil fuels over millions of years

40
Q

what is the burning of fossil fuels called?

A

combustion

41
Q

what is transpiration?

A

the process in which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere

42
Q

what is percolation?

A

the process in which water moves downwards through soil from gravity

43
Q

how can precipitation end up in the ocean?

A

surface run-off

44
Q

where is the majority of the Earth’s Nitrogen found?

A

the atmosphere

APES (8 decks)

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