Unit 1 Ecology

Question 1

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 1

People over using public resources

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A specific, testable prediction about the outcome of the experiment

Question 3

Qualitive

Answer 3

Descriptive, non-numerical information collected about the experiment

Question 4

Repeated trials

Answer 4

Increase accuracy and validity of the data by ensuring that similar results occur more than once

Question 5

Quantitative

Answer 5

Numerical information collected about the experiment

Question 6

Experimental group

Answer 6

The subjects that receive the changed conditions in the exxperiment

Question 7

Control group

Answer 7

The subjects that remain in the original, unchanged conditions in order to provide a baseline for comparison

Question 8

Controlled variables

Answer 8

Same as constants!

Question 9

Dependent variables

Answer 9

Factors that are measured, they respond to changes

Question 10

Constants

Answer 10

These must be kept as close to identical as possible among all the subjects or it won’t be clear what is affecting the outcome

Question 11

Independent

Answer 11

This is the factor being changed, there should be only one per experiment

Question 12

Large Sample size

Answer 12

This will increase accuracy and validity of the data by lessening the effect of any outliers.

Question 13

Photosynthesis Formula

Answer 13

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 14

Herbivore

Answer 14

Eats only plants

Question 15

Carnivore

Answer 15

Eats only meat

Question 16

Omnivore

Answer 16

Eats both plants and animals

Question 17

5 Steps of Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 17

1) Nitrogen Fixation
2) Ammonification
3) Nitrification
4) Assimilation
5) Denitrification

Question 18

Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 18

Bacteria transforms nitrogen gas into ammonia(absorbed by plants)

Question 19

Ammonification

Answer 19

Decomposers take the decaying matter that consists of nitrogen and create ammonia and ammonium

Question 20

Nitrification

Answer 20

Bacteria transforms ammonia into nitrite. Then nitrite into nitrates which can be absorbed and used by plants.

Question 21

Assimilation

Answer 21

Plants are now absorbing the ammonia and/or nitrate through their roots to make proteins

Question 22

Denitrification

Answer 22

Bacteria converting some nitrates in the soil into nitrogen gas(this is released into the atmosphere)

Question 23

Ammensalism

Answer 23

harmed/neutral

Question 24

Mutualism

Answer 24

Benefit/ Benefit

Question 25

Commensalism

Answer 25

Neutral/Benefit

Question 26

Competition

Answer 26

Two or more individuals competing for the same resources

Question 27

Interspecific

Answer 27

Competition between two DIFFERENT Species

Question 28

Intraspecific

Answer 28

Competition WITHIN the SAME species

Question 29

Carbon Cycle

Answer 29

Assists in developing the 4 major macromolecules

Question 30

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 30

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed

Question 31

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 31

Each time energy is transferred, some is lost by heat

Question 32

GPP(Gross Plant Productivity)

Answer 32

amount of sun energy plants used to create energy

Question 33

NPP(Net Plant Productivity)

Answer 33

The amount of energy harnessed by producers minus the energy used up by said producers

Question 34

Gene Diversity

Answer 34

How different individuals in a species population are

Question 35

Species Diversity

Answer 35

the number of different species in an ecosystem and the balance or evenness of the pop. sizes of ALL species in the ecosystem

Question 36

Bottlenecking event

Answer 36

An event that significantly reduces the genetic and species diversity. This event forces all species to adapt quickly if they don’t want to die or become extinct.

Question 37

Generalist Species

Answer 37

Much smaller, bigger populations, and they adapt easily.

Question 38

Specialist Species

Answer 38

More vulnerable to bottle neck events. Have a specific diet and tend to be a larger size.

Question 39

Biogeography

Answer 39

Two islands, different distances from the mainland, have different extinction rates, which is explained by the theory of island

Question 40

Pioneer Community

Answer 40

A pioneer community is the first biotic community to emerge in a bare area.

Question 41

Climax Community

Answer 41

The ideal community(Old forest) where the the plant and animal populations are stable.

Question 42

HIPPCO

Answer 42

Habitat Destruction
Invasion or Non-Native
Population and Resource Growth
Pollution
Climate Change
Over exploitation

Question 43

Habitat Fragmentation

Answer 43

Habitat fragmentation is when parts of habitats are destroyed, leaving behind smaller unconnected areas. This decreases the populations of larger organisms drastically due to them prior to living in the inside of habitats.