Unit 1, Early Music & Baroque Flashcards
Timbre
Characteristic color or sound of an instrument or voice
Strings
Violin, viola, cello, and bass
Woodwinds
Flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon
Brass
French horn, trumpet, trombone, and tuba
Percussion
Timpani
Chamber music
Not a big ensemble. Performed in small spaces. Mostly for unofficial performances.
Mesopotamia
Middle East by Euphrates river. A lot of culture started in this area, including music.
Lyre
Plucked string instrument with a resonating sound-box, two arms, crossbar, and strings that run parallel to the soundboard and attach to the crossbar.
Aulos
Greek. A reed instrument. Consists of two pipes with fingerholes. Can produce two different pitches. Used in the worship of Dionysus.
Estampie
The most common medieval instrumental dance. Several sections. Triple meter.
Consort
English name for a group of instruments
Lute
Plucked string instrument popular typically pear- or almond-shaped with a rounded back, flat fingerboard, frets, and one single and five double strings.
G. Gabrieli
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Basso continuo
System of notation and performance practice in which an instrumental bass line is written out and one or more players of keyboard, lute, or similar instruments fill in the harmony with appropriate chords or improvised melodic lines.
Conzona
An instrumental work adapted from a chanson or composed in a similar style. Has several contrasting sections, of which the first and some others are in imitative counterpoint.
Sonata
A piece to be played on one or more instruments. Baroque instrumental piece with contrasting sections or movements, often with imitative counterpoint
Suite
A set of pieces that are linked together into a single work. During the Baroque period, it usually referred to a set of stylized dance pieces.
Sonata de camera
Usually a suite of stylized dances, scored for one or more treble instruments and continuo. Also called chamber sonata.
Sonata de chiesa
Instrumental work intended for performance in church; usually in four movements -slow-fast-slow-fast- and scored for one or more treble instruments no continuo. Also called church sonata
Trio sonata
A sonata with two treble instruments above the basso continuo. A performance featured four or more players if more than one used for the continuo part.
Solo sonata
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Corelli
Was a violinist who established the foundation for violin-playing and exploited the singing qualities of the instrument better than anyone of his generation.
Worked as violinist, teacher, ensemble director, and composer for wealthy patrons in Rome.
Concerto
In the seventeenth century, ensemble of instruments or of voices with one or more instruments, or a work for such an ensemble. Composition in which one or more solo instruments contrasts with an orchestral ensemble.
Concerto grosso
Instrumental work that exploits the contrast in sonority between a small ensemble of solo instruments, usually the same forces that appeared in the trio sonata, and a large ensemble.
Concertino
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Solo concerto
A piece in which a single instrument, such as a violin, contrasts with an orchestra.
Vivaldi
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Ritornello
The instrumental introduction or interlude between sung stanzas. Can state the main theme.
In a fast movement of a concerto, the recurring thematic material played at the beginning by the full orchestra and repeated throughout
Telemann
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J. S. Bach
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Bradenburg Concertos
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Handel
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Water Music
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Music for the Royal Fireworks
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