Unit #1: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 1

Thymine/Uracil, 2/1 strands, Permanent/Temporary, in Nucleus/Cytoplasm, deoxyribose/ribose

Question 2

mRNA

Answer 2

messenger RNA - starts in nucleus but moves to cytoplasm through nuclear pores, single uncoiled chain that carries genetic info from DNA to ribosomes

Question 3

tRNA

Answer 3

transfer RNA - found in cytoplasm, bonds to amino acids to carry to ribosome and to be released in protein synth

Question 4

rRNA

Answer 4

ribosomal RNA - found in ribosome, aids in protein synthesis

Question 5

DNA N2 base pairs

Answer 5

Adenine and Thymine; Cytosine and Guanine

Question 6

DNA polymerase

Answer 6

Adds complementary N2 bases to unzipped parent DNA to form 2 daughter DNA’s

Question 7

DNA helicase

Answer 7

“Unzips” parent DNA hydrogen bonds

Question 8

RNA polymerase (Transcription)

Answer 8

Binds at promoter site on DNA strand, separates complementary strands of DNA, uses one side of DNA to form a complementary RNA strand, then reaches the termination site and releases the RNA into the cytoplasm (Transcription)

Question 9

Start Codon

Answer 9

AUG - methionine

Question 10

Anticodon

Answer 10

3 bases on tRNA that are complementary to an mRNA codon

Question 11

Stop codons

Answer 11

UAA, UAG and UGA

Question 12

DNA “backbone”

Answer 12

Phosphate groups and Deoxyribose

Question 13

Scientists who discovered DNA structure

Answer 13

Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins

Question 14

Hold DNA together

Answer 14

hydrogen bonds

Question 15

“Frameshift mutations”

Answer 15

insertions and deletions