Unit 1 DK Flashcards
back to basics
What is kinesiology?
The study of human movement in interaction with the environment.
It encompasses various aspects including anatomical, physiological, neurological, biochemical, biomechanical, neuromotor, and psychological dimensions.
What does the term ‘kinesiology’ derive from?
‘Kinenin’ meaning to move and ‘logos’ meaning to discourse or study.
List three subfields of kinesiology.
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
- Sport Psychology
What is the primary aim of kinesiology?
To create a state of health and harmony by bringing all aspects of a person into balance.
What is the center of gravity (COG)?
The balance point between the upper and lower body, which varies with body build, age, and sex.
In the anatomical position, where does the COG lie?
Approximately anterior to the second sacral vertebra.
What percentage of standing height is a female’s COG?
Approximately 55%.
What percentage of standing height is a male’s COG?
Approximately 57%.
What are the factors determining stability and mobility?
- Size of the Base of Support (BOS)
- Height of the Center of Gravity (COG)
- Location of the COG within the BOS
- Body Mass
- Friction
What does a person need to achieve balance?
The COG must fall within the BOS.
What is the relationship between stability and mobility?
There is an inverse relationship; as mobility increases, stability decreases, and vice versa.
What are the functions of bones known as?
BMMPS: Blood cell formation, Mineral storage, Movement, Protection, Support.
What are the two divisions of the skeleton?
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
What does the axial skeleton include?
- Skull
- Spinal column
- Rib cage
What does the appendicular skeleton include?
- Arms
- Legs
- Pelvis
- Shoulders
What is a characteristic of long bones?
They are tubular in shape with a long axis.
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone.
What is the definition of flexion?
A movement that bends or decreases the angle at a joint.
What is the definition of extension?
A movement that extends or increases the angle of a joint.
What is hyperextension?
A movement that extends the angle at a joint beyond neutral.
What is dorsiflexion?
A movement that bends the ankle, moving the top of the foot toward the shin.
What is plantar flexion?
A movement that pushes the foot down and away from the body.
What is abduction?
Moving the body or a limb laterally and away from the body’s midline.
What is adduction?
Moving the body or a limb laterally toward the body’s midline.
What is the definition of rotation in the context of movement?
The movement of a limb or torso around its vertical axis.
What is the transverse axis?
A line that runs from left to right through the center of the body.
What is the sagittal axis?
A line that runs from front to back through the center of the body.
What is the vertical/longitudinal axis?
A line that runs from top to bottom through the center of the body.
Define ‘anterior’.
Front of the body.
Define ‘posterior’.
Back of the body.
Fill in the blank: ‘_______ is the downward rotation of the forearm, hand, or foot.’
Pronation
Fill in the blank: ‘_______ is a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.’
Extension
True or False: The lower the COG, the more balance a person has.
True
