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My Gr. 11 Biology Deck > Unit 1- Diversity > Flashcards

Unit 1- Diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Cells with a nucleus and numerous membrane-bound organelles.

Examples: Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi and Kingdom Animilia.

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2
Q

What is a Capsid?

A

The outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

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3
Q

What is a Pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes disease.

Example: bacterium or virus.

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4
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

Identification tool consisting of 2 part choices that lead to the correct identification.

Example: 1. A. It’s furry (go to 4)
B. It’s slimy (go to 5)

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5
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Cells with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.

Examples: Kingdom Bacteria and Kingdom Archaea.

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6
Q

Antibiotic

A

A medicine that can destroy or slow the growth of a bacteria.

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7
Q

What is a Virus?

A

A non-living thing, since they cannot produce outside of a host cell. They are not cellular and cannot make enzymes or ATP.

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8
Q

Coccus, Baccillus & Spirillium

A

Morphology of Microorganisms.
Coccus (pl. cocci) spherical
Baccillus (pl. baccilli) rod-like
Spirillium (pl. spirilli) spiral-like

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9
Q

Diplo, Staphylo, Strepto.

A

Diplo: pairs of Microorganisms
Staphylo: clusters of Microorganisms
Strepto: chains of Microorganisms

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10
Q

Taxonomy

A

The branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features.

This prevents confusion, shows relationships, reconstructs phylogenies, accurate naming etc.

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11
Q

Taxton (definition and levels)

A

The particular classification of an organism.

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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12
Q

Bionomical Nomenclature

A

Giving a two word Latin name to each species to help clearly identify it.
Whole name is underlined
First word: genus (capitalized)
Second word: species (uncapitalized)

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13
Q

Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of a species.

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14
Q

Bacteriophage

A

A virus that infects and replicates within bacterium.

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15
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic relationships between 2 or more prokaryotic cells.

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16
Q

Binary Fission

A

The asexual form of reproduction used by most prokaryotic (and some eukaryote organelles) in which the cell divides into two genetically identical cells (or organelles).

17
Q

Conjugation

A

The transfer of bacterial DNA directly from one bacterium to another via the pilus.

18
Q

Pilus

A

Hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.

19
Q

Plasmid

A

A circular molecule of DNA that is commonly found in bacteria.

20
Q

Endospores

A

A dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods during extreme conditions.
Resistant to heat, acids, lower nutrient levels, drying out, radiation.

21
Q

Hyphae

A

A multicellular, thread-like filament that makes up the basic structural unit of a fungus.

22
Q

Mycelium

A

A complex, net-like mass made of branching hyphae.

23
Q

Septum (pl. septa)

A

A partition that forms to separate the original chromosome and its copy. (In binary fission in prokaryotic cells)

24
Q

Vascular Plants

A

Plants that have vascular tissue that specialize for transporting substances; 2 types are xylem and phloem.

25
Q

Bilateral Symmetry vs. Radial Symmetry

A

Bilateral: body can be divided along 1 plane into 2 equal halves.
Radial: body can be divided in any plane, along central axis, into roughly equal halves.

26
Q

Mycorrhiza (and symbiotic relationship)

A

A fungus that grows on the roots of plants and has a symbiotic relationship (2 organisms live off of and help each other).

27
Q

Lyctic Cycle & Lysogenic Cycle

A

Lyctic: replication of viruses; DNA uses copying machinery of the host cell.
Lysogenic: replication of viruses; viral DNA enters the host cells chromosomes.

28
Q

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

A

Auto: make their own food.
Hetero: obtain food from environment.

29
Q

Asexual vs. Sexual Reprodection

A

Asexual: production of offspring from a single parent, identical DNA to parent.
Sexual: production of offspring from 2 sex cells- one from each parent, not identical DNA to either.

30
Q

Six Kingdoms

A

Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotic, asexual) Plantae, Fungus, Protista, Animilia (eukaryotic, sexual)

31
Q

What is a Superbug?

A

A strain of bacteria that is resistant to a particular antibiotic.

My Gr. 11 Biology Deck (5 decks)

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