Unit 1: Digital Information

Question 1

Bit

Answer 1

(short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. It has a single binary value, either 0 or 1

Question 2

Byte

Answer 2

a unit of data that is eight binary digits long. They are often used to represent a character such as a letter, number, space

Question 3

Binary

Answer 3

a numbering scheme in which there are only two possible values for each digit: 0 and 1.

Question 4

Algorithm

Answer 4

a complete, well-defined sequence of steps for completing a task or solving a problem

Question 5

Program

Answer 5

a sequence of instructions or steps, written in a language that can be
understood by a computer, that will be used by the computer to complete a task or solve
a problem

Question 6

Blocks

Answer 6

Puzzle-piece shapes that are used to create code in Snap!.

Question 7

Scripts

Answer 7

Different types of blocks linked together.

Question 8

Sprites

Answer 8

An object in Snap! which performs functions controlled by scripts.

Question 9

Stage

Answer 9

The background of a project, performs functions through scripting.

Question 10

Logic error

Answer 10

a mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly

Question 11

Tracing

Answer 11

hand simulating the execution of program code in order to manually verify that it works correctly

Question 12

Debugging

Answer 12

the process of identifying and removing errors from computer hardware or software

Question 13

ASCII

Answer 13

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character encoding standard for electronic communication

Question 14

Overflow error

Answer 14

an error that occurs when calculated data cannot fit within the designated field.

Question 15

Roundoff error

Answer 15

error that is produced when a computer is used to perform real number calculations because many real numbers can not be represented exactly on a computer.

Question 16

Underflow error

Answer 16

occurs in a computer or similar device when a mathematical operation results in a number which is smaller than what the device is capable of storing.

Question 17

pixel

Answer 17

a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

Question 18

RGB

Answer 18

(red, green, and blue) refers to a system for representing the colors to be used on a computer display. Red, green, and blue can be combined in various proportions to obtain any color in the visible spectrum.

Question 19

Heuristic

Answer 19

a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.

Question 20

Lossless compression

Answer 20

a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

Question 21

Creative Commons

Answer 21

public copyright license that enables the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work. This is used when the content creator wants to give others to right to share, use and build upon the work they have created

Question 22

Open source

Answer 22

programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified;

Question 23

Open access

Answer 23

online research output free of any and all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions

Question 24

Lossy compression

Answer 24

a data encoding and compression technique that deliberately discards some data in the compression process

Question 25

Bits are smaller than bytes. 8 bits make up a byte

Answer 25

Difference between bits and bytes

Question 26

Something that hides another thing.

Answer 26

What is an abstraction?

Question 27

Lossy loses quality when compressed, but lossless can be reversed and does not lose quality

Answer 27

Lossy vs. Lossless compression

Question 28

Analog: able to change color values smoothly and continuously; digital: rely on pixels to change from a fixed number of color values discreetly using squares of equal size

Answer 28

Digital vs. Analog

Question 29

Compression makes files smaller so that they are easier to send and use.

Answer 29

What is compression? Why do we use it?

Question 30

1111

Answer 30

Convert decimal value 15 to binary.

Question 31

7

Answer 31

Convert 0111 to decimal.

Question 32

9

Answer 32

Convert 1001 to decimal