Unit 1: Digital Information Flashcards
Bit
(short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. It has a single binary value, either 0 or 1
Byte
a unit of data that is eight binary digits long. They are often used to represent a character such as a letter, number, space
Binary
a numbering scheme in which there are only two possible values for each digit: 0 and 1.
Algorithm
a complete, well-defined sequence of steps for completing a task or solving a problem
Program
a sequence of instructions or steps, written in a language that can be
understood by a computer, that will be used by the computer to complete a task or solve
a problem
Blocks
Puzzle-piece shapes that are used to create code in Snap!.
Scripts
Different types of blocks linked together.
Sprites
An object in Snap! which performs functions controlled by scripts.
Stage
The background of a project, performs functions through scripting.
Logic error
a mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly
Tracing
hand simulating the execution of program code in order to manually verify that it works correctly
Debugging
the process of identifying and removing errors from computer hardware or software
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character encoding standard for electronic communication
Overflow error
an error that occurs when calculated data cannot fit within the designated field.
Roundoff error
error that is produced when a computer is used to perform real number calculations because many real numbers can not be represented exactly on a computer.
Underflow error
occurs in a computer or similar device when a mathematical operation results in a number which is smaller than what the device is capable of storing.
pixel
a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.
RGB
(red, green, and blue) refers to a system for representing the colors to be used on a computer display. Red, green, and blue can be combined in various proportions to obtain any color in the visible spectrum.
Heuristic
a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
Lossless compression
a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Creative Commons
public copyright license that enables the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work. This is used when the content creator wants to give others to right to share, use and build upon the work they have created
Open source
programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified;
Open access
online research output free of any and all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions
Lossy compression
a data encoding and compression technique that deliberately discards some data in the compression process
