Unit 1 - Diabetes Flashcards
Evidence from 2016 indicated that:
Diabetic complications are r/t (1)
Diabetes contributes to (4)
Diabetes is the leading cause of (1)
premature death (lifespan reduced by 5-15 years)
30% of strokes
40% of heart attacks
50% of kidney failure requiring dialysis
70% on non-traumatic lower limb amputations
vision loss
Seniors and Diabetes
What %age of people with diabetes are age 65 and older?
What are important for decreasing risk for developing diabetes in elderly people?
Describe diabetes in the elderly in comparison to that of younger people.
Therefore?
Approximately 25.9 %
.
Lifestyle interventions
Diabetes in the elderly is metabolically distinct from that of younger people
It therefore should be treated differently.
(Canadian Diabetes Association, 2013).
Aboriginal People and Diabetes
Aboriginal populations living in Canada are among…
Diabetes prevention efforts should focus on?
Diabetes screening for adults should occur how often?
Are males or females more impacted by DMII?
When?
Aboriginal women in Canada experience gestational diabetes at a rate that is…
the highest risk populations for diabetes and related complications
diabetes risk factors (obesity, proper management of gestational diabetes, smoking, inactivity, poor eating habits, and stress)
every 1-2 years for individuals with one or more risk factors
Aboriginal females are impacted by type 2 diabetes more than males, with the most noticeable difference being seen during reproductive years.
2-3 times higher than other women.
Diabetes and Psychiatric Illness
Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in…
People diagnosed with psychiatric illness are more likely to
Those individuals with both diabetes and psychiatric illness have decreased (2)
Those individuals with both diabetes and psychiatric illness have increased (4)
Risk factors leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorder? (4)
people with diabetes than in the general population.
develop diabetes than the general population.
medical adherence
self-care
functional impairment
risk of diabetic complications
healthcare costs
mortality
Psychotropic drugs cause weight gain COMBINED WITH poor diet inadequate exercise smoking common in this population
The Economic Costs of Diabetes
The economic burden of diabetes in Manitoba is estimated to be ? in 2010
How much was the cost expected in increase by 2020?
Estimated cots in 2020 (by Canadian Diabetes Association)?
$498 million in 2010 (measured in 2009 dollars)
28%
$639 million
Definitions
Diabetes
a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to manufacture or properly use insulin
and
impaired ability to convert sugars, starches, and other foods into energy.
Definitions
Diabetes in terms of blood glucose (2)
FBG - fasting blood glucose > 7.0 mmol/L
or
2 hour blood sugar of > 11.1 mmol/L
Definitions
Type 1 Diabetes
More commonly Dx’ed in?
Etiology
children and adolescents
Pancreatic beta cell destruction causes the pancreas to stop producing insulin.
Without enough insulin, glucose isn’t metabolized properly, so it builds up in the bloodstream.
Type 1 Diabetes
What is thought to be the cause of beta cell destruction?
Onset?
Prevention?
an autoimmune process
can be sudden
Cannot be prevented.
Type 1 Diabetes
How is it treated?
diet
exercise
insulin (clients are dependent)
What % of people Dx’ed with diabetes have type 1?
10% of people diagnosed with diabetes have Type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes
Commonly diagnosed in?
Etiology?
Onset?
adults
The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
or
the body does not use the insulin effectively (insulin resistance).
Can be slow in onset.
Type 2 Diabetes
How is it treated?
diet
exercise
oral medication and/or insulin
What % of people Dx’ed with diabetes have type 2?
90% of people diagnosed with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes.
Prediabetes is defined as?
Prediabetes is associated with?
blood sugars that are above normal levels
but
below those of diabetes
an increased risk of developing either diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
IFG
impaired fasting glucose
IFG - impaired fasting glucose is
6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L
IGT
impaired glucose tolerance
IGT - impaired glucose tolerance is
2 hour blood sugar of 7.8 to 11.1 mmol/L
What is a key feature of type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance
Define Insulin Resistance
a condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not respond properly to the effects of insulin.
Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes.
It is also implicated in? (2)
prediabetes and metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome is…
It is defined as people with 3 or more of the following 5 risk factors:
a grouping of conditions that is associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease
Metabolic Syndrome is…
5 risk factors:
Fasting Blood Sugar > 6.1 mmol/L
Blood Pressure > 130/85
Triglycerides > 1.7 mmol/L
HDL- cholesterol
Men < 1.0 mmol/L
Women < 1.3 mmol/L
Waist Circumference
Men > 102 cm
Women > 88 cm