Unit 1:Democratization Flashcards
Define Democratization
Democratization
process of transitioning a government or society towards a more democratic system, where power is shared among the people and there is an emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.
Involves any characteristics of democracy but may not involve them all.
what are the 3 waves of Democratization ?
Waves of Democratization
- First wave
- Second wave
- Third wave
Explain the First wave of democratization
First wave
began through the origins of democracy. There is no established date as it was established overtime.
Explain the second wave of democratization
Second wave
began through the allied victory after WWII 🗡. It went on until the 1960s.
Explain the third wave of democratization
Third Wave
characterized by the defeat of dictatorships all across Latin America in the 1970s.
Mexico lost of single party-rule is part of this wave
Define Democratic backslide
Democractic Backslide
When a government adopts policies or rule that impede the ability of a democratic election to take place
involve a decline in political rights, civil liberties, and rule of law.
Define Democratic consolidation
Democratic Consolidation
Process in which a country adopts and reinforces its democracy.
involves strengthening democratic institutions
What are some way to achieve democratic consolidation?
Democratic consolidation
- Maturing elections rules
- Emphasizing separation of powers
- Protection of civil liberties
Democratic consolidation make it harder nondemocratic gov’t to take over
what are somethings that cause Democratic backslide?
Democratic backslide
- poverty
- corruption
- rise of populism
- lose of civil liberties
Give an example of Nigeria’s rule of law
Nigeria
Nigerian legislature directly elected by people rejected the president’s bid to add a 3rd term to presidency in 2006.
Define democratic wave
Democratic waves
the periods in history when there is a significant increase in the number of countries that transition to democracy.
Give an example of Mexico’s rule of law
Mexico
President Nieto leaves after his term and AMLO for rival party wins election for presidency (2019)
Give an example of Uk’s rule of law
United kingdom
Example 1: Commons voted to prohibit military airstrikes against Syria (2013)
Example 2: Commons rejected prime ministers’ initial Brexit EU withdrawal policy in 2019.
Give an example of Iran’s authoritarian rule by law
Iran
Brutal coercion and violent suppression of 2009 election protestors
Give an example of Russia’s authoritarian rule by law
Russia
Example 1:Invasion and Annexation of Crimea(2014)
Example 2: support of 2020 referendum that changed constitution allowing Putin to extend his rule
Give an example of China’s authoritarian rule by law
China
President Xi end constitutional term limits with legislative support which allows Xi to extend his rule up to 10 years.
Give an example of Nigeria’s free and fair elections
Nigeria
In 2015, Nigeria had it’s first transfer power from one party
to a rival party due to election result.
Give an example of Mexico’s free and fair elections
Mexico
Mexico’s first transfer power from one party to a rival party
due to election result in 2000 ( PRI to PAN).
Give an example of UK’s free and fair elections
United Kingdom
Conservative Party wins commons elections of 2010
after 13 years of Labour Party control.
Give an example of Russia’s unfair elections
Russia
Vladimir Putin never forced into 2nd round runoff election by a rival. Won majority of vote in 1st round in all four presidential elections
Give an example of Iran’s unfair elections
Iran
Supreme leader directly andindirectly appoints all of Guardian Council; GC vets candidates to prevent moderates and political dissidents from running for the
national legislature
Give an example of China’s unfair elections
China
No direct elections for national
governmental positions
