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SBI 3U > Unit 1 - Definitions > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

alleles

A

two or more alternate forms of a gene. The alleles are located at the same position on one of the pairs of homologous chromosomes

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2
Q

heredity

A

passing down from older generations

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3
Q

variation

A

change

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4
Q

gene

A

a segment of the DNA that carries information codes for a particular trait

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5
Q

locus

A

the location of a gene on a chromosome

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6
Q

cloning

A

the process of forming identical off-spring from a single cell or tissue ``

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7
Q

enucleated

A

the condition where a cell does not contain a nucleus

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8
Q

totipotent

A

having the ability to support the development of an egg to an adult

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9
Q

blastula

A

an embryoria stage consisting of a ball of cells produced by division following the fertilization of an egg

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10
Q

centriole

A

cylindrical organelles that aid in the formation of spindle fibers

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11
Q

spindle fibers

A

protein structures that guide chromosomes during cell divison

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12
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

paired chromosomes similar in shape, size, gene arrangement, and gene information
- but different versions (blue vs green eyes)

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13
Q

tetrad

A

a pair of homologous chromosomes, each with two chromatids

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14
Q

cytokinesis

A

the division of cytoplasm

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15
Q

gametes

A

sex cells that have a haploid chromosome number

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16
Q

haploid

A

refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete, n

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17
Q

diploid

A

refers to twice the number of chromosomes in a gamete, every cell in the body except for sex cells contain a diploid chromosome number (2n)

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18
Q

zygote

A

a cell resulting from the union of a male and a female sex cell until it divides, and then it is called an embryo
sperm + egg = zygote

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19
Q

meiosis

A

two-stage cell division in which the chromosome number of the parental cell is reduced by half. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed

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20
Q

mitosis

A

a type of cell division in which a daughter cell receives the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

21
Q

terminal

A

cell dies

22
Q

non-terminal

A

cell lives

23
Q

non-disjunction

A

can occur in Anaphase I or II

- the chromosomes do not seperate & instead both move to the same pole of the cell

24
Q

trisomy

A

one pair is actually a triple

25
Q

montsomy

A

one pair is actually singular

26
Q

karyotype

A

organization of the chromosome

27
Q

down’s syndrome

A

trisomy of 21

28
Q

edward’s syndrome

A

trisomy of 18

29
Q

klinefelter syndrome

A

trisomy of 23

30
Q

turner

A

monosomy of 23

31
Q

triple X

A

trisomy of 23

32
Q

genotype

A

the allele combination
HH
Hh
hh

33
Q

phenotype

A

the observed trait

- dominant or recessive

34
Q

test cross

A

performed to determine the genotype of a dominate phenotype; always between unknown genotype & homozygous recessive

35
Q

in breeding

A

mating with closely related individuals

36
Q

hydridization

A

two parents, each with a different desired phenotype

37
Q

complete dominace

A

one allele is dominant over the other

38
Q

incomplete dominace

A

neither allele is dominant over the other, they are blended together
red, white - pink

39
Q

codominace

A

both alleles attempt to dominate the other but are unsuccessful; results in both phenotypes being expressed
red, white - red & white

40
Q

autosomes

A

non-sex chromosomes

41
Q

somatic cells

A

all the cells of an organism other than the sex cells

42
Q

sex-linkage

A

occurs when the condition comes form a gene on the 23rd homologous pair

43
Q

dihybrid cross

A

a type of cross that involves two genes, each consisting of nonidentical alleles

44
Q

chromosomes

A

long threads of genetic material found in the nucleus of cells

45
Q

crossing over

A

the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes

46
Q

nucleus

A

the control center for the cell, which contains hereditary information. the nucleus is bound by a double membrane

47
Q

asexual reproduction

A

the production of offspring from a single parent; offspring inherit the genes of that parent only

48
Q

sexual reproduction

A

the production of offspring from the union of two sex cells, one from each different parent; the genetic makeup of the offspring is different from that of either parent

49
Q

synapsis

A

the pairing of homologous chromosomes

SBI 3U (2 decks)

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