Unit 1 definitions

Question 1

Define the primary industry.

Answer 1

The extraction of raw materials from the ground or the sea. It includes farming, fishing, forestry, and mining.

Question 2

Define the secondary industry.

Answer 2

The manufacturing of goods using the raw material from primary industry. It includes: steel making, chemical industries, and car manufacturing or even construction such as: a house, a road, or a new airport.

Question 3

Define the tertiary industry.

Answer 3

Does not produce anything, but involves the provision of different services to people and to other industries. These services could be private sector (not funded by the government such as banking, insurance, retail) or public sectors (funded by the government such as schools and hospitals).

Question 4

Define the quaternary sector.

Answer 4

The knowledge-based sector, mainly found in the HICs, which is concerned with information and communication technology (ICT) and research and development (R&D).

Question 5

Explain what an LIC is.

Answer 5

• Low Income Countries
• Poorest countries of the world where a high proportion of the active population works in primary industries.
• Pre-industrial phase on the Clark Fisher Model.
• Example: Kenya

Question 6

Explain what an NEE is.

Answer 6

• Newly Emerging Economies
• Countries that are experiencing industrialisation and rapid economic growth of Secondary and Tertiary sectors.
• Industrial phase within the Clark Fisher Model.
• Example: Nigeria

Question 7

Explain what an HIC is

Answer 7

• High Income Country
• Wealthiest countries of the world where a high proportion of the active population works in Tertiary and Quaternary sector industries.
• Post-Industrial phase within the Clark Fisher Model.
• Example: UK

Question 8

Define deindustrialisation.

Answer 8

The process by which there is a decline in manufacturing industry within a country or region resulting in reduction of secondary sector employment and % contribution to GDP.

Question 9

Define globalisation

Answer 9

The process of increasing interconnectivty and interdependence among countries and economies of the world. The process in part has been driven by MNCs.

Question 10

What are MNCs?

Answer 10

Multi-National Companies are the global companies that dominate the global economy.