Unit 1: Computing Systems Flashcards
Computer Science
A type of problem solving; it includes the study of computers, their design, and the way they process information.
Computer
A device that stores and processes (changes, moves, or rewrites) information.
Stores, shares, and analyzes huge amounts of data. It can also perform complex math calculations.
Computing System
All the basic hardware (the parts you can see and touch) and software (the programs) that work together to make a computer run.
The machines that run programs and process information. Examples are desktop computers, laptops, and phones.
Program(ming)
A set of instructions (algorithm) that has been translated into commands a computer can understand (code).
The computer scientist translates her instructions into a language (code) the computer can understand. Now the algorithm is a program.
Algorithm
A list of steps or instructions written in human language that tells a person how to complete a task.
The computer scientist makes a list of step-by-step instructions for what she wants her program to do.
Data
Raw, unorganized facts
Computers are great at storing, sharing, and calculating
huge amounts of data. This makes them perfect for
analyzing data.
Analysis
Organizing, describing, and
understanding data.
Networks
Talking computers
Internet
The worldwide network that
connects millions of computers.
Colossus Mark 1
The first electronic computer made in 1944 during WWII. Used by the British government to crack secret German codes.
ENIAC
Americans created a faster computer in 1945. The first programmable, general-purpose computer.
- Electronic
- Numerical
- Integrator
- And
- Computer
APPLE II
The first mass-produced personal computer introduced in 1977. Owners could use the computer to run simple programs or play games.
Hardware
The physical parts of a computer, like the keyboard, mouse,
and screen.
An easy way to determine whether part of a computer system is hardware is to look: If you can see it with your eyes, it’s hardware.
Software
The set of programs (instructions) that tell a computer what to do, like phone applications, editing programs, and entertainment services.
Software is stored on storage devices (hardware) like hard drives, flash drives, and CDs.
Application (App)
A program designed for the
user to perform a task.
Example: Take a photo
Input
Refers to the parts used to send information to a computer, including a keyboard, mouse, game controller, and webcam.
Storage
Refers to the parts that the computer uses to store information, including Hard drives, USB Flash Drives, CDs, and RAM.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
A type of computer memory where information can be stored.
Processing
The processing parts of the computer run programs, interpret input, and supply output, including the central processing unit (CPU) and the graphics processing unit (GPU).
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The brain of a computer. It receives input information and executes commands from other hardware and software.
It is made up of the main memory, the control unit, and the arithmetic logic unit.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
This part of the computer focuses on graphics. Graphics are images of all kinds (pictures, animations, videos.)
The GPU delivers images, animations, and videos that can be viewed on the computer’s screen.
If you want to get the best picture quality for your favorite computer game, you’ll need a high-end GPU to make the graphics look good.
Output
Refers to the parts that the computer uses to send information to you. This includes the projector, the monitor, the printer, speakers, and headphones.
Application Software (Apps)
Programs that allow the user to complete tasks.
Word processors, internet browsers, games, and phone apps are all examples of application software.
Web Developer
A programmer who makes
application software that runs on websites.
