Unit 1: Computational Thinking Flashcards

1
Q

A finite set of instructions that accomplish a specific task

A

Algorithm

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2
Q

A password that is easy for a user to remember but would be difficult for someone else to guess based on knowledge of that user

A

Strong Password

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3
Q

The process of reducing complexity by focusing on the main idea

A

Abstraction

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4
Q

The application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the code statements are given

A

Sequencing

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5
Q

Determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a condition being true or false

A

Selection

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6
Q

A repeating portion of an algorithm

A

Iteration

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7
Q

The process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access

A

Encryption

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8
Q

The process of decoding the data

A

Decryption

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9
Q

Used to implement algorithms executed by programs

A

Programming Languages

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10
Q

A general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved algorithmically

A

Problem

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11
Q

A specific task that needs to be solved with specific input

A

Instance of a Problem

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12
Q

A problem with a yes/no answer

A

Decision Problem

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13
Q

A problem with the goal of finding the “best” solution among many

A

Optimization Problem

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14
Q

A decision problem for which an algorithm can be written to produce a correct output for all inputs

A

Decidable Problem

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15
Q

One in which no algorithm can be constructed that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer

A

Undecidable Problem

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16
Q

The capacity for a system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

A

Scalability

17
Q

An estimation of the amount of computational resources used by an algorithm

A

Efficiency

18
Q

Search algorithms that check each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all aspects in the list have been checked

A

Linear or Sequential Search

19
Q

A search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted data set of numbers and eliminates half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated

A

Binary Search

20
Q

An approach to a problem that produces a solution that is not guaranteed to be optimal but may be used when techniques that are guaranteed to always find an optimal solution are impractical

21
Q

Bias embedded into algorithms and any level of software development

A

Algorithmic Bias

22
Q

What type of pattern is this:
I
I
I
I ————————————————————–>
L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

23
Q

What type of pattern is this:
I
I ___________________——————————–>
I /
I /
L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Logarithmic

24
Q

What type of pattern is this:
I ^
I /
I /
I /
L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

25
What type of pattern is this: I ^ I / I / I __________________----------------------/ L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Quadratic
26
What are the steps of the development process?
1. Designing 2. Testing 3. Investing & Reflection
27
What are the critical features of High-Level Programming?
Easy for us, difficult for computers, unambiguous.
28
What are the critical features of Low-Level Programming?
Easy for computers, difficult for us, unambiguous
29
What is Moore's Law?
The observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles about every two years.
30
Field of coding specializing in encryption/decryption
Cryptography
31
Word for code/algorithms that are unclear or inexact
Ambiguous