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〢2024-2025: Social Studies〢 > Unit 1: Colonization > Flashcards

Unit 1: Colonization Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

John Smith

A

Took control of Jamestown in 1608.

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2
Q

What was John Smith’s rule?

A

He took control of food supply: “He that will not work, neither shall he eat.”

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3
Q

Did the settlers of Jamestown trade with Native Americans?

A

Yes!

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4
Q

Who was the “Savior of Jamestown”?

A

John Smith

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5
Q

Who were the Powhatans?

A

They were a local Native American tribe.

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6
Q

Who led the Powhatan tribe?

A

Chief Powhatan

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7
Q

How did the Powhatans help Jamestown?

A

They taught the coloinists how to farm

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8
Q

How was Jamestown economically successful?

A

John Rolfe introduced tobacco, which was largely popular in Europe, causing the settlers to have a source of income.

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9
Q

How did Squanto help the pilgrims?

A

Squanto taught the pilgrims how to plant crops and helped them make peace with the Native Americans.

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10
Q

What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

A

The Mayflower Compact was a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good. IT WAS ONE OF THE FIRST ATTEMPTS AT SELF-GOVERNMENT!

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11
Q

What was the Plymouth colony?

A

It was a British colony that was established in Massachusetts in 1620.

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12
Q

What were the religious beliefs of the Plymouth colony?

A

There were two groups: the Separatists (Pilgrims) and the Strangers (people going to America for non-religious reasons).

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13
Q

What did Separatists believe?

A

They wanted to separate from the Church of England.

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14
Q

What did the Strangers believe?

A

They came from many different religions: they just wanted to have better opportunities.

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15
Q

What is a Civil Body Politic?

A

A group of people who are going to govern fairly.

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16
Q

What government did Massachusetts have?

A

Theocracy

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17
Q

What government did the Puritans have?

A

Theocracy

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18
Q

How did Puritan beliefs lead to the Salem Witch Trials?

A

Overly religious and Puritanical beliefs led to the witch trials.

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19
Q

What is a theocracy?

A

A government based on religion.

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20
Q

Who leads a theocracy?

A

Church leaders are government leaders.

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21
Q

Who could vote in a theocracy?

A

Male Church members could vote in a theocracy.

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22
Q

Who founded Rhode Island?

A

Rodger Williams, Anne Hutchinson

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23
Q

Why did Rodger Williams get kicked out?

A

He supported the separation of church and state.

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24
Q

Why did Anne Hutchinson get banished?

A

She believed ministers were unnecessary to connect with God, and wanted women to be able to preach.

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25
Why did Anne Hutchinson and Rodger Williams leave MA?
Religious persecution
26
Who founded Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker
27
Why did Thomas Hooker get kicked out of MA?
He believed all white men should be able to vote regardless of their religion.
28
Why did Thomas Hooker leave MA?
Religious persecution
29
What was the Dutch's diversity like?
There were: Dutch, German, Swedish, and English settlers.
30
What was the Dutch economy?
New Amsterdam was established as a trading colony to compete with Spain, England, and France.
31
How was New York founded?
The Dutch owned it, and the British took it.
32
How did Pennsylvania view women's rights?
Women had equal rights as men: they just couldn't vote. They could have church leadership roles (Anne Hutchinson got her wish [but she DID NOT live in PA])
33
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn
34
How were Native American rights in PA?
They were equal to white men.
35
Why was Georgia founded?
It was founded as a place to unload English debtors.
36
What did Georgia buffer?
It was founded as a buffer between the Spanish and the English colonies.
37
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
38
New England Colonies:
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
39
Middle Colonies:
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
40
Southern Colonies:
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
41
New England Politics
-Theocracy, the Puritan church determined everything -Male church members governed -Town Meetings
42
New England's Economy
Fishing, ship building, and commerce.
43
New England's Religion
Puritan
44
New England's Geography
-Rocky soil -Short growing season -Towns and cities
45
Middle Colony's Politics
-Colonial Assemblies -All males could vote. -Most diverse of the three regions
46
Middle Colony's Economy
Cash Crop Farming and commerce
47
Middle Colony's religion
Every religion you can think of
48
Middle Colony's geography
-Good soil -Medium growing season -Towns and cities
49
Southern Colony's Politics
Aristocracy -Wealthy landowners had all of the power -HOUSE OF BURGESSES in Virginia
50
Southern Colony's Economy
Cash Crop Farming
51
Southern Colony's Religion
Church of England
52
Southern Colony's Geography
-Excellent soil -long growing season -plantations spread out over large area
53
What were the British location when they first colonized?
Maine through Georgia: East Coast
54
What were the French location when they first colonized?
Colonized Canada through the Mississippi River
55
What were the Spanish location when they first colonized?
Colonized in Central, South, and North America.
56
Why did the British come to America?
Religious freedom, mercantilism, and new opportunities.
57
Why did the French come to America?
Fur trade; had the best relations with NA
58
Why did the Spanish come to America?
God, Gold, Glory
59
Where was slavery most profitable?
The southern colonies
60
What items did slaves grow?
Tobacco, rice, and indigo (cash crops)
61
Overt Slavery
Physically harming slave owners: running away, killing master, etc.
62
Passive Slavery
Harming the slave owner's profits: breaking tools, faking illness, etc.
63
Middle Passage
Route taken by slaves across the Atlantic
64
Purpose of the Navigation Acts
A law passed that made it so colonists could only trade with British ships, etc.
65
How does the Navigation Act relate to Mercantilism?
Mercantilism relied on the colonists trading exclusively with England.
66
What is Mercantilism?
Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
67
How does Mercantilism work?
Manufactured goods go from America to Europe to Africa and loops.

〢2024-2025: Social Studies〢 (3 decks)

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