Unit 1: Civil War Flashcards
Who escaped from slavery and wrote books against slavery?
Frederick Douglas
What is an abolitionist
Someone who joined the movement to abolish, or end, slavery. Most felt slavery was wrong.
Name a confederate General who had experience after serving in the Mexican war.
Robert E Lee
What are tarrifs
a Tax on imported goods
What are States Rights?
The idea that states, not the Federal government, should make final decisions
Sectionalism
Loyalty to one part of the country
John C. Calhoun
US. Senator and Vice President of the US - he argued for slavery and States Rights. He was from South Carolina.
George Madison
A slave owner from Virginia who called slavery a “National Sin”
Describe the North before the Civil War
Had factories, did not slavery, did not support States Rights. THE NORTH PASSED LAWS TO END SLAVERY.
Describe the South before the Civil War
Had more farming, needed slavery to support King Cotton, believed in States Rights, did not want to pay tariffs to the Federal Government.
Who was Nat Turner?
Nat Turner was an enslaved AFrican American who, in Virginia in 1831, let a rebellion against slave owners.
What happened during Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
He ahd his followers killed 59 people before being stopped by the local militia.
What happened as a result of Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
Southern states passed laws to control enslaved and free blacks.
Why was slavery important to the Southern economy before the Civil War?
Southern farmers wanted more enslaved people to work in their cotton field where they were growing cotton which was in big demand by Britain and New England.
What led to the growth of slavery in the early 1800s?
The Cotton Gin - The cotton gin made cotton to produce and helped make raising cotton more profitable
What was the economy of the South before the Civil War?
Agriculture, or mostly farming. Some southerners worked on large cotton plantations. Many more had small farms and grew food crops.
Did everyone in the South grow cotton?
Many people had food crops such as corn, or raised cattle and pigs.
What did tariffs do to help northern industries?
Taxes on imported goods from other countries made products made in the US north more affordable.
Name some abolitionist.
William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas and Soujourner Truth.
Who was William Garrison?
He was an abolitionist that printed a newspaper called The Liberator which demanded all enslaved people should be freed.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
He escaped from slavery and raised enough money to buy his freedom. He was a writer and often to white audiences about slavery.
Who was Sojourner Truth?
After escaping slavery, she became an abolitionist who often spoke about ending slavery and women’s rights.
Who were Sarah and Angelina Grimble?
These sisters were daughters of slave owners who, as adults, moved North and spoke out against slavery.
What is Discrimination?
The unfair treatment of people of a particular group.
What was the Underground Railroad?
The underground railroad was a series of escape routes and hiding places to bring slaves out of the South.
Who was Harriett Tubman?
Harriett Tubman escaped from slavery and then returned to the South 19 times to save more than 300 people from slavery.
What is a fugitive?
A person who is running away.
What was the Fugitive Slave Law?
A law that said if slaves who had escaped to the North had to be returned to slavery.
Who was Harriett Beecher Stowe?
She was a writer from New England who was against the Fugitive Slave Law. She wrote Uncle Toms Cabin.
What was Uncle Toms Cabin about?
Uncle Toms Cabin described the cruelties of slavery and pointed out that it was not jus the South’s problem.
What was the Dred Scott Case?
Dred Scott, an enslaved man from Missouri, asked the court for his freedom because he used to live in areas that were now free. The Supreme Court disagreed, stating that slaves were property and that living in a free area does not make you free. Also, it said that territories could not keep slavery out.
What was John Brown’s Raid?
An abolitionist tried to start a rebellion against slavery. He attacked a US Army post at Harpers Ferry, VA but was quickly captured. He was tried for treason and was hanged.
Why was John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry important to the start of the Civil War?
Northerns saw John Brown as a hero who fought against slavery. Southerns saw him as a violent man trying to destroy their way of life. This disagreement further divided the North and the South.
Explain how Uncle Tom’s Cabin was important to the start of the Civil War?
The book convinced many northerners that slavery was wrong. Many southerners insisted that Stowe’s descriptions of slavery were wrong. the argument over the book pushed the North and South further apart.
What is succession?
To break away.
Why did John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry cause people in the South to want to succeed?
They thought that abolitionist wanted to start a slave rebellion and thought that the only way to protect their rights was to break away from the Union.
What acts before the Civil War caused Northerners to worry that slavery would spread across the country?
The Dred Scott case and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South.
The South wanted to be able to continue slavery and worried that the north would abolish slavery.
What was the role of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War?
Lincoln was against slavery and wanted it to end. He put the Emancipation Procolamation (freed all salves) into effect, freeing slaves and gave the Gettysburg Address.
What was the Confederacy?
The southern states that succeeded called themselves the Confederate States of America.
Who was President of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis - he argued for state’s rights.
What happened at Fort Sumter?
Fort Sumter was a Federal fort with Union soilders The Confederate government wanted to control the fort (since it was in South Carolina and part of the Confederacy). Lincoln refused to surrender the fort. Confederate leaders ordered cannons to be fired on the fort.
When was Fort Sumter fired on?
April 12, 1861
What attack started the beginning of the US Civil War?
The attack on Fort Sumter
What did they call slave states from the North that stayed in the Union?
Border States. there were 4 border states: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware.
What advantages did the North have at the beginning of the Civil War.
They had more people (about 22 million people lived in the North and 9 million lived in the South); the North had more factories for making weapons and supplies; the North had more railroads for transporting weapons and soilders.
The battles of the Civil War were mostly fought in the ___________.
South
What advantatges did the South have at the start of the Civil War?
Most of the fighting was in the South so people knew the land; and they had excellent military leaders.
How was Robert E. Lee important to the Civil War?
He was a confederate general who helped defeat two Union attacks on Confederate States. He was forced to surrender at Appomattox Courthouse to General Grant.
Explain the Fugitive Slave Law and the North and South’s feelings about it.
The law said that escaped slaves must be returned to the south. Many notherners were against slavery and refused to obey the law. The Southerns wanted slavery to continue.
What are casualties?
Soldiers who are killed or wounded.
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
Grant was a General in the Union army who had many military successes and helped capture many Confederate forts. He was known for keeping going - even after defeat.
Abolitionists from the North and South made speeches and wrote articles about abolishing ________.
Slavery
_________________ and others led escaped slaves through the Underground Railroad to safe areas in the north U.S. and Canada, or south to Florida, Mexico, or the Caribbean.
Harriet Tubman
What is a draft?
A draft is when a government forces people to serve in the military.
What is Emancipation?
The freeing of enslaved people.
What was Sherman’s strategy of total war?
Destroying an enemy’s resources
What happened at Gettysburg?
Two days the armies fought. Lee’s weakened army had to retreat.
What was the Gettysburg Address?
A speech by President Lincoln given after the battle of Gettysburg which declared that the Union was fighting for American democracy. It MOTIVATED the Union to win the war!
What happened at Fort Sumter? Include who fired on who first.
Fort Sumter was a Federal fort with Union soldiers The Confederate government wanted to control the fort (since it was in South Carolina and part of the Confederacy). Lincoln refused to surrender the fort. Confederate leaders ordered cannons to be fired on the fort. THIS MARKED THE OFFICIAL START OF THE CIVIL WAR.
What happened at The Atlanta Campaign?
General William Sherman attacked Atlanta which was a center for supplies, factories and railroads. For many months, the Confederate soldiers fought back. In September, Sherman captured Atlanta. He sent Lincoln a telegraph that said “Atlanta is ours, and fairly won.”
What was Sherman’s March to the Sea?
Sherman’s army moved from Atlanta to Savannah, destroying anything the southerns would need for war. They stole food, killed animals and wrecked railroad tracks and factories.
What was significant about the Battle of Antietam?
Lee led a Confederate army to invade Maryland. The Union army stopped him at the Battle of Antietam. This was the DEADLIEST DAY OF THE WAR The two armies suffered at least 23,000 casualties.
Who was Stonewall Jackson?
Confederate General that led troops during the Battle of Bull Run.
Which battle, near the start of the war, made people realize that the war would be long and hard?
First Battle of Bull Run
Why did Sherman engage in Total War?
He hoped that southerns would be tired of fighting and run out of supplies and give up.
What happened at Appomattox Courthouse?
Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant. The Union had won the war.
What does “desert the army” mean?
Leave without permission.
Why did General Lee have to surrender?
His starving army was surrounded.
Describe the effects of war on the North and South.
Soldiers left families who missed them and had to run farms and businesses without the men. In the South, soldiers and civilians did not have enough to eat. Inflation made food expensive.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation.
Put into effect by Lincoln on Jan 1, 1863, the proclamation declared that slaves in the Confederacy were free. (It did not end slavery in the border states). Some enslaved people did not hear that they were free until after the Civil War.
What was the turning point of the Civil War?
Battle of Vicksburg
The reason the north benefited from higher tariffs.
Tarrifs made imported goods more expensive than local goods.
This man attacked US army post in Virginia to start a Slave rebellion
John Brown
This army general attacked Atlanta
William Tecumseh Sherman
After 1863, battles were entirely fought here
South
To rally the troops, Lincoln gave a famous speech that honored those who died
Gettysburg address
What did the strategy for total war do?
Destroy everything the enemy could use
The government have land and money to build what?
Transcontinental Railroad
How did the transcontinental RR help the West economy?
Shipping cattle and good like wheat to the East
What machine sends electric signals over wires that contain messages?
Telegraph
Which workers were paid less than others when building the transcontinental Railroad and earned less money?
Chinese workers
What was the Missouri Compromise?
Maine would be a free state and Missouri would be a Slave state.
Why did the south need slaves?
to farm cotton
