Unit 1: Childbearing and Childrearing Family Flashcards
Define an ecomap
a diagram of the family’s interactions within the community
Define a family
- Two or more people who live in the same household (usually), share a common emotional bond, and perform certain interrelated social tasks
- Primary unit of socialization
- A support system for members
- Family plays a pivotal role in health care decisions
- Family-centered care is the target of OB/Peds nurses
Define family-centered nursing
the concept that clients do not exist outside a family, the family rather than an individual is considered the client
Define family of orientation
one’s birth family: oneself, mother, father, and siblings
Define family of procreation
one’s marriage family: oneself, spouse and children
Define a genogram
a diagram of family structure depicting essential family relationships; the interactive roles that exist in a family
Define polyandry
a marriage with one wife and multiple husbands
Define polygyny
a marriage with one husband and multiple wives
Define a sandwich family
A family that is squeezed into taking care of both aging parents and a returning young adult
Define a dyad family
- two people living together without children
- Not necessarily a romantic relationship
What is the advantage of a dyad family
Companionship, possibly shared resources
What are the potential negative aspects of a dyad family
- Often short-term arrangement
- End of arrangement may result in sense of loss
Define a cohabitation family
Composed of couples, with or w/o children, who live together but remain unmarried
- 18% of couples living together are not married
- Choice
- Legal restrictions
- Mistrust of partner/marriage
- Finances
- Sexual freedom
- evolving courtship continuum
What are the positive aspects of a cohabitating family
- Companionship
- possibly financial security
- encourages monogamous relationship
What are the possible negative aspects of a cohabitating family
- Feelings of loss if/when relationship ends
- Divorce rate is higher for those starting in cohabitating family vs. no prior joint living couples
Define a nuclear family
Composed of a husband, wife and children
What are the positive aspects of a nuclear family
- Support for family members
- Sense of security
What are the possible negative aspects of nuclear families
- May lack support people in a crisis situation
Define a polygamous family
- A family consisting of either
- One husband with multiple wives - polygyny
- One wife with multiple husbands - polyandry
What are the possible positive aspects of polygamy families
- Companionship
- Shared resources
What are the possible negative aspects of polygamy families
- Not sanctioned by law
- Dissaproval by the community
- Decreased value of women/men
Define the extended (multigenerational) family
A family consisting of a nuclear core with the addition of grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, uncles, cousins and grandchildren
What are the possible positive aspects of extended families
- Many people for child care and member support
What are the possible negative aspects of extended families
- Resources may be stretched thin due to few wage earners
Define the single-parent family
Consists of one parent, either male or female, and their child(ren)
- 34% single mothers; 16% single fathers live in poverty
- Success is dependent on
- Gender of parent & children
- Race
- Education level
- Employment status
- Living arrangement
- Social support
What are the positive aspects of single-parent families
- Ability to offer unique and strong parent-child bonds
What are the possible negative aspects of single-parent families
- Resources may be limited
- Lack of social support
- Difficulty adjusting to previously unfilled roles (parent & child)
- Changes in home and school environment
- Time-consuming and mentally and physically exhausting.
- Potential for low self-esteem if things are not going well
Define the blended family
A divorced or widowed person with children who marries someone who also has children
What are the possible positive aspects of blended families
- Increased security and resources
- Exposure to different customs or culture may help children become more adaptable to new situations
What are some of the possible negative aspects of blended families
- Rivalry or competition among children
- Difficulty adjusting to a stepparent
What are the positive aspects of gay/lesbian families
- Provides the advantages of a nuclear family
What are the possible negative aspects of gay/lesbian families
- May suffer descrimination from neighbors/community who do not thouroughly approve or accept this family type
What are the possible positive aspects of foster families
- Prevents children from being raised in large orphanage settings
What are the possible negative aspects of foster families
- Insecurity and inability to establish meaninful relationships because of frequent moves
What are the possible positive aspects of adoptive families
- Children grow up well cared for and experience a sense of love
- A woman who relinquishes her child for adoption can feel a sense of relief her baby will have a better life than she can provide
What are the possible negative aspects of adoptive families
- Divorce of the adoptive parents can be devastating if the child view himself as the cause
- Honeymoon behavior by the child when told of adoption followed by testing behavior
- Fear of being “being given back” when hospitalized
- Inferior or animosity feeling of biological children towards adoptive child
- Feelings of inadequacy by adopting child as they consider having children of their own
Define the family role of wage earner
the individual who provides the bulk of the income for the family
Define the family role of the financial manager
the member who determines how money will be spent
Define the family role of the problem solver
the member who the family depends on to provide a solution to problems
Define the family role of nurturer
the member who is the primary caregiver to children or a physically or cognitively challenged family member
Define the family role of decision maker
The member who makes decisions, particularly in areas of lifestyle and how leisure time is spent
Define the family role of health manager
The member who makes health care decisions, ensures family members keep health appointments, immunizations, and preventative care
Define the family role of culture bearer
The member who maintains family and community customs so children can develop a sense of where they belong in history
Define the family role of the environmentalist
The member who is responsible for recycling and not wasting electricity or water
Define the family role of the gatekeeper
The family member who determines what information will be released or what new information can be introduced
Define the family task of physical maintenance
the provision of food, shelter, clothing, and health care for members
Define the family task of socialization
being certain that children feel part of the family and learning the appropriate ways of interacting with people ouside the family
Define the family task of allocation of resources
the determination of which family needs will be met and by what priority in a justifiable, constant, and fair distribution (of goods and space)
Define the family task of maintenance of order
Includes establishing family values, rules about expected member roles and responsibilities, and enforcing common regulations
Define the family task of Division of labor
The (evenly) distribution of work that is flexible enough to be interchanged as needed
Define the family task of reproduction, recruitment, and release of family members
Acceptance of new members or allowance of members to move into a new family/phase of life
Define the family task of placement of members into the larger society
The utilization of community resources to help in operating the family as needed. (i.e. schools, other families, churches, hospital, affiliations etc.)
Define the family task of maintenance of motivation and morale
the maintenance of a sense of unity and pride in their family
The development stages of a family is as follows:
- Marriage
- Early Childbearing Family
- Family with a Preschool Child
- The Family with a School-Age Child
- The Family with an Adolescent
- Launching Stage Family: Family with a young adult
- Family of Middle Years
- Family in Retirement or Older Age
During the Marriage stage families
- Establish a mutually satisfying relationship
- Learn to relate well to their families of orientation
- Engage in reproductive life planning
During the Early Childbearing family stage, families:
- Integrate the new member into the family
- Make whatever financial and social adjustments neccessary to meet the needs of the new member while continuing to meet the needs of the parents
During the family with a preschool child stage, families
- Prevent unintentional injuries such as poisoning or falls
- Begin socialization through play dates, child care, or nursery school settings
During the family with a school-age child stage, families
- Promote children’s health through immunizations, dental care, and routine health assessments
- Promote child safety r/t home and automobiles
- Encourage socialization experiences outside the home such as sports participation, music lessons, or hobby activities
- Encouraging a meaningful school experience to make learning a lifetime concern, not one merely 12 years.
During the family with an adolescent stage, families
- Loosen ties enough to allow an adolescent more freedom while still remaining safe
- Begin to prepare adolescents for life on their own
During the launching stage family phase, families
- Change their role from mother or father to once-removed support persons or guideposts
- Encourgae independent thinking and adult-level decision skills in their child
Define the boomerang generation
The generation of young adults that return to their family home after college or a failed relationship until they can afford their own appartment or find a new live-in partner
During the family of middle years stage, families
- Adjust to “empty nest” syndrome be reawakening their relationship with their supportive partner
- Prepare for retirement so when they reach that stage they will not be unprepared socially or financially
During te family in retirement or older age stage, families
- Maintain health by preventative care in light of aging
- Participate in social, political, and neighborhood activities to keep active and enjoy this stage of life
Assessment of Family Structure and Function should include:
- Information on individuals within the household & their relationships between members - Genogram
- Interaction with other social systems - Ecomap
- Changes in family organizations over time
The influence of increased divorce rate on families/children
- Reactions to divorce occur in three phases
- Antagonism marked by quarreling, hurt feelings, & whispered conversations. Children may assume it is their fault
- Separation phase where members are force into new family roles, move, and deal with changing finances. Children typically grieve the loss of one parent
- Reshaping where at least one half is single family or blended. Children realizes life is permanently changed.
- Boys typically have more emotional trauma
- Children may have physical symptoms - Nausea, vomiting
- Stress is often reduced for children after separation
Same sex partners facts
- ~1million in America (0.05%)
- Myth: couples and children suffer
- Fact
- Couples have less hostility, more shared leisure time and more egalitarian relationships
- Children do as well as those raised by heterosexuals
- Risks
- Rights for parenthood and marriage
- Discrimination
What is family structure bias?
Nurses counseling families according to their own family structures.
What is family health?
The interaction of multiple systems, relationships, and processes that have the potential to affect health.
Define acculturation
the process of losing cultural beliefs and values to those of a dominant society
Define assimilation
changing a situation or one’s perception of it to fit one’s thoughts
Define cultural awareness
being aware that we all live and function within a culture of our own and that our identity is shaped by it
Define cultural competence
the capacity to work effectively and with people, integrating elements of their culture - vocabulary, values, attitudes, norms, and rules
Define cultural values
perferred ways of acting based on cultural traditions
Define culture
the learned way of life of a community or society
Define culture universal
values, norms, and patterns of behavior shared across all cultures
Define descrimination
the action of treating people differently based on their physical or cultural traits
Define ethnicity
the cultural group into which a person is born
Define ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s own values or beliefs are superior to others
Define minority
a group within a population that is fewer in number or hold less power and wealth
Define mores
a.k.a. norms - customs generally accepted as right to follow by a community or society
Define transcultural nursing
care that is guided by cultural aspects and respects individual differences
Define prejudice
negative atitude toward members of a group
Define stereotyping
applying a fixed conception to an entire group
Define taboo
actions that are prehibited in a specific culture
Define race
refers to a category of people who share a socially recognized physical characteristic
Family assessment - questions that will provide information about care of a child (Type 1 DM)
- Who lives in the household?
- Who prepares meals for the child and family?
- Who is the primary caregiver for the child?
Family assessment - questions for identification of potential risk areas
- Have you had any major changes in your responsibilities lately?
- Does anyone in the family have a problem with substance abuse?
- How would you describe your relationship with your child?
What issues should be addressed for a family soon after the adoption of a child from a low economic/foreign region
- Physical health, including growth parameters
- Emotional and development screening
- Expectations of the adoptive parents
A family developmental assessment evaluates
family changes within the life cycle
The Family life cycle theory describes
the family based on the developmental stage of the oldest child
