unit 1 chemistry Flashcards
Element
118 (92) different types of matter that make up everything
Atom
The tiniest piece of an element that exists
Compound
Two or more elements that are attached to each other
Molecule
The smallest unit of the compound
Mixture
Two or more compounds or elements mixed together
Periodic Table
A chart that contains symbols, names and other information about the elements
Proton
Positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of the atom
Neutron
Uncharged particle that resides in the nucleus of the atom
Electron
Negatively charged particle that resides on the outer portion of the atom
Charge
A property of matter that causes it to be repelled or attracted
Chemical Bond
A means by which atoms stick together
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Energy
A quantity which allows objects to do work
Ion
An atom that has either lost or gained outermost electrons and is therefore charged
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ only in the number of neutrons
Atomic number
Number of protons or electrons
Mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons
Valence electrons
Outershell electrons
Period
Horizontal row of the periodic table
Group (family)
Vertical column of the periodic table
Ionic bond
Bond formed by attraction of two oppositely charged ions
Covalent Bonds
A bond formed by a pair of valence electrons
Octet rule
Atoms tend to fill their outershell electrons
Metal
Elements on the left side of the table that are good conductors, shiny, malleable, and tend to form positive ions by losing electrons
Non metal
Elements on the right side of the table that are dull, brittle, poor conductors, and tend to form negative ions by gaining electrons
Metalloid
Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
Transition Metal
Elements in groups 3-12
Chemical Equation
Slows reactant and products
Coefficient
Used to balance each element
Excited electron
Electron that has gained energy and moved to a higher energy state farther from the nucleus
Ground state electron
Electron in its lowest possible energy level
Bright line spectrum
Specific colors of light given off by electrons as they move back down from excited state to ground state. This helps us identify elements.
Polyatomic ions
Clump of two or more atoms, covalently bound, with an overall charge, that behave as a single ion
Molecular formula
Symbols for elements and subscripts that show the number and type of atoms in a molecule or compound
Mole
6.02 x 10²³
Polar molecule
Molecule that has a negative and positive side
Polar bond
When 2 atoms share electrons unequally
Noble Gas family
column 18
Alkali metal family
column 1
Halogen Family
column 17
