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Chemistry N5 > Unit 1 Chemical Changes + Structure > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chemical Changes + Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an element?

A

an element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom

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2
Q

True or False everything in the world is made up of just over 97 elements

A

False everything in the world is made up of just over 100 elements

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3
Q

what is the periodic table?

A

The periodic table is the arrangement of all known elements

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4
Q

What are most elements?

A

solids

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5
Q

true or false only 2 elements in the periodic table are liquids

A

true

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6
Q

true or false many of the non metal elements are solids

A

false most of them are gases

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7
Q

what are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A

groups

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8
Q

What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

A

periods

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9
Q

what are the groups numbered as?

A

1-7 but the last group is either 8/0

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10
Q

what do all the different groups have?

A

They all have different chemical properties e.g.** group 1 is very reactive** with sodium and potassium having very violent reactions

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11
Q

true or false an element only contains 1 type of atom

A

true

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12
Q

what is a chemical symbol?

A

A chemical symbol is a short hand way of representing an element. Each element had its own chemical symbol.

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13
Q

what does a modern chemical symbol look like?

A

They consist of one or two letters. The first one is a capital letter but the second one (if it has one) is lower case. e.g H - Hydrogen or Fe - Iron

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14
Q

how many electrons does group 1 have on its outermost shell

A

the group 1 elements all have 1 outer electron. its teh sma efor all of the groups

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15
Q

true or false group 1 is very reactive

A

true

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16
Q

true or false group 7 is not very reactive

A

false group 7 is very reactive

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17
Q

true or false group 2 is normal reactive

A

true

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18
Q

true or false group 8/0 is the most reactive

A

false group 8/0 is not reactive

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19
Q

what is a mixture?

A

when two or more elemnts are jumbled together but dont chemically join

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20
Q

what is a compound?

A

In a compound, two or more elements are chemically joined. They are held by very strong bonds and cannot be easily seperated back into their elements.

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21
Q

what is a solution?

A

a mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

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22
Q

what is a solute?

A

the substance that dissolves in the solvent

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23
Q

what is a solvent?

A

the substance which other substances dissolve in.

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24
Q

what does it mean if a substance is soluble?

A

a substance that can dissolve

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25
Q

what is a dilute solution

A

a small amount solutedissolved in solvent

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26
Q

what is a saturated solution?

A

when the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent.

27
Q

what is a state symbol

A

the state symbol is a superscript in brackets following the name of the substance

28
Q

whats the state symbol for solids?

A

(s)

29
Q

whats the state symbol for liquids?

A

(l)

30
Q

whats the state symbol for gas?

A

(g)

31
Q

what the state symbol for a solute dissolved in water?

A

(aq)

32
Q

what always happens in a chemical reaction?

A

A new substance is produced. There will also always be signs for a new substance being produced.

33
Q

How many elements are in an -ide compound?

A

2 elements

34
Q

true or false compounds that contain 2 elements + oxygen end in xyz

A

false they end in -ite or -ate

35
Q

what would iron sulphide be made of?

A

iron+ sulphate

36
Q

what would zinc carbonate be made of?

A

zinc+carbon+oxygen

37
Q

what would alumininum sulphite be made of?

A

aluminium+sulphur+oxygen

38
Q

true or false hydroxide means made of hydrogen and oxygen

A

true e.g sodium hydroxide = sodium+hydrogen+oxygen

39
Q

what is a rate of a chemical reaction?

A

how fast the reaction happens

40
Q

what must happen for a chemical reaction?

A

the particles must collide with energy and the correct allignment

41
Q

what does it mean if the particle size decreases

A

the rate of reaction increases as there is more surface area for particles to collide e.g calcium carbonate powder reacts faster than calcium carbonate lumps

42
Q

what does it mean if the particle size increases

A

the rate of reaction decreases as there is less surface area for particles to collide

43
Q

what happens to the reaction rate as temperature is increased?

A

when the temperature is increased the particles move faster - there are more collisions => faster reaction rate

44
Q

what is an exothermic reaction?

A

an exothermic reation is a reaction that releases enegergy in the form of heat.

45
Q

what is an endothermic reaction

A

an endothermic reaction absorbs (takes in energy) .

46
Q

what are some of the signs of a chemical reaction?

A
  • colour change
  • gas given off (smell or fizzing)
  • changing temperature
47
Q

what happens to the rate of reaction when there is a lower concentration?

A

The reaction rate is slower as there are less particles => less collisions

48
Q

what happens to the reaction rate when there is a higher concentration?

A

The reaction rate is quicker as there are more particles => more collisions

49
Q

What effects the rate of reaction?

A
  • temperature
  • particle size
  • concentration
  • catalyst
50
Q

what are the two types of catalyst?

A

hetrogenous and homogenous

51
Q

what is a hetrogenous catalyst?

A

a hetrogenous catalyst is one which has a different physical state to the reactants e.g solids and liquids etc

52
Q

what is a homogenous catalyst?

A

a homogenous catalyst is aone which has the same physical state to the reactants

53
Q

what is a catalyst

A

Catalysts are substances which speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the process

54
Q

what is an enzyme?

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts i.e they exist in living things and reaction happen in them

55
Q

do all enzymes work?

A

some do and some don’t

56
Q

True or False enzymes are highly specific to which they catalyse

A

true a suitable enzyme must be used for an appropriate reaction

57
Q

If there is an increase in particle size

A

reaction rate decreases

58
Q

if there is a decrease in particle size

A

reaction rate increases

59
Q

increase in concentration

A

reaction rate increases

60
Q

decrease in concentration

A

reaction rate decreases

61
Q

increase in temperature

A

reaction rate increase

62
Q

decrease in temperature

A

decrease in reaction rate

63
Q

add a catalyst

A

reaction rate increases

64
Q

What can the progress of a chemical reation be followed by?

A

measuring the change in
-mass
-volume
-concentration

Chemistry N5 (1 decks)

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