Unit 1 Chapters 1-3

Question 1

Perennial - botanical and horticultural

Answer 1

Plants that survive year after year. Usually in stable environments. Most flower each year.
Horticultural perennials are used only once then pulled up as straggly or unreliable after first year.
Sempervivum montanum and Hedera Helix for perennial
Horticultural perennial - Viola x wittrockiana and Tulipa “orange princess”

Question 2

Herbaceous

Answer 2

Soft leaved plant. Not woody
Iris forrestii is a herbaceous deciduous perennial
Primula vulgaris an evergreen herbaceous perennial

Question 3

Woody

Answer 3

Secondary growth or thickening produces wood in stems and major roots. Primarily xylem tissue composed of dead lignified cells.

Question 4

Semi-evergreen

Answer 4

Retain most foliage especially in mild winters

Daphne bholva

Question 5

Evergreen

Answer 5

Retain most leaves throughout the year. Often waxy or glossy coatings to protect against water loss
Ilex aquifolium
Pinus sylvestris

Question 6

Hardy annual

Answer 6

Tolerance for cold down to -20C H4-7
Sown in situ
 Fagus sylvatica
Or herbaceous perennials that die right back
Iris pseudacorus
Lathyrus odoratus

Question 7

Shrub

Answer 7

Woody perennial. Short trees that are often multi-stemmed

Viburnum Davidii

Question 8

Tender perennial

Answer 8

Sown under glass or indoors between 13-21C
Can not survive frost. Flowers in late summer.
H1 can be grown outside in summer e.g. tomatoes or pelargonium
H2 Tender but can survive in frost free greenhouse.

Question 9

Half hardy annual

Answer 9

H3 can tolerate unheated greenhouse but not below -5C
Sown under protection early in season then planted out. Flowers in summer or early autumn. Some perennials are treated as half hearty annuals in uk eg summer bedding displays

Question 10

Tree

Answer 10

A woody perennial
Wood is xylem tissue composed of lignified cells or have lignin in cell walls. Strong structure resisted infection, rot and decay.
Taxis baccata