Unit 1 Chapter 3

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243, is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law.

Question 5

bill of attainder

Answer 5

A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial.

Question 6

block grant

Answer 6

a grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

Question 10

charter

Answer 10

A charter that denies the powers of a certain named city and lists what the city can and cannot do.

Question 11

concurrent powers

Answer 11

Concurrent powers are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

Question 12

Confederate States of America

Answer 12

The Confederacy Established. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.

Question 13

confederation

Answer 13

an organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.

Question 14

cooperative federalism

Answer 14

Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems.

Question 15

counties

Answer 15

(in the US) a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 17

Under Dillon’s Rule, a municipal government has authority to act only when : (1) the power is granted in the express words of the statute, private act, or charter creating the municipal corporation

Question 18

Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

Answer 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, also known as the Dred Scott case or Dred Scott decision, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on U.S. labor law and constitutional law.

Question 19

dual federalism

Answer 19

Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

Question 20

enumerated powers

Answer 20

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights

Question 21

ex post facto law

Answer 21

An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

Question 22

extradition clause

Answer 22

The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.

Question 23

federal system

Answer 23

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 24

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 25

full faith and credit clause

Answer 25

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”

Question 26

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 26

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1, was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Question 27

Great Society

Answer 27

The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.

Question 28

Herbert Hoover

Answer 28

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 29

implied powers

Answer 29

Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated.

Question 30

interstate compacts

Answer 30

In the United States of America, an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that “No State shall, without the Consent of Congress… enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State.”

Question 31

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 31

The Iroquois Confederacy was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

Question 33

John Marshall

Answer 33

John James Marshall was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court.

Question 34

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 34

Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy

Question 35

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 35

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8.

Question 36

monarchy

Answer 36

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

Question 37

municipalities

Answer 37

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

Question 38

New Deal

Answer 38

The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans.

Question 39

New Federalism

Answer 39

New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.

Question 40

Nullification

Answer 40

Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution (as opposed to the state’s own constitution).

Question 41

oligarchy

Answer 41

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Question 42

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 42

The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

Question 43

programmatic requests

Answer 43

A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request, is guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress.

Question 44

progressive federalism

Answer 44

most recent form of federalism; allows states to have greater control over certain powers usually reserved for the national government.

Question 45

Reconstruction

Answer 45

The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history.

Question 46

reserved powers

Answer 46

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government.

Question 47

Roger B. Taney

Answer 47

Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

Question 48

Ronald Reagan

Answer 48

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

Question 49

secession

Answer 49

the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

Question 50

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 50

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures

Question 51

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 51

The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.

Question 52

special district

Answer 52

Special districts (also known as special service districts, special district governments, limited purpose entities, or special-purpose districts in the United States) are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments.

Question 53

Tenth Amendment

Answer 53

The Tenth Amendment, or Amendment X of the United States Constitution is the section of the Bill of Rights that basically says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states.

Question 54

totalitarianism

Answer 54

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

Question 55

unitary system

Answer 55

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.