Unit 1 - Chapter 1: Elements and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What model of the atom describes the atom as a solid sphere, where atoms of different elements differed from one another?

Answer 1

Dalton’s model or billiard model

Question 2

What model of the atom is called the “plum pudding” model and consists of a positively charged sphere, with negatively charged particles, later called electrons, embedded in it?

Answer 2

Thompson’s model

Question 3

What model of the atom is sometimes called the planetary model, with planet-like electrons that orbited a positively charged nucleus which is analogous to the sun and contained most of the mass of the atom?

Answer 3

Rutherford’s model

Question 4

What model of the atom is similar to Rutherford’s model but have electrons that can have only specific amounts of energy and energy levels called electron shells?

Answer 4

Bohr’s model

Question 5

What model shows electrons move in a region of space, which is often represented visually as a cloud?

Answer 5

Schrodinger’s model

Question 6

What do you call electrons in the outermost shell of an atom?

Answer 6

valence electrons

Question 7

What do you call a model of an atom that has the chemical symbol for the element surrounded by dots to represent the valence electrons of the element?

Answer 7

Lewis diagram

Question 8

What do you call two electrons that are interacting in a unique way, allowing them to be situated close to each other?

Answer 8

electron pair

Question 9

What do you call electrons in an unfilled outer shell that are not part of a pair and are, therefore, more likely to participate in bonds with other atoms?

Answer 9

unpaired electron

Question 10

What do you call atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?

Answer 10

isotopes

Question 11

What do you call isotopes with unstable nuclei that decay into different, often stable, isotopes?

Answer 11

radioisotopes

Question 12

One twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom is referred to as an?

Answer 12

atomic mass unit

Question 13

What do you call the amount of a given isotope of an element that exists in nature, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of this element?

Answer 13

isotopic abundance

Question 14

What do you call a statement that describes the repeating nature of the properties of the elements?

Answer 14

period law

Question 15

What do you call a row in the periodic table?

Answer 15

period

Question 16

What do you call a column in the periodic table?

Answer 16

group

Question 17

What do you call all the elements in Group 1, except hydrogen, that are very reactive?

Answer 17

alkali metals

Question 18

What do you call the elements in Group 2, that are reactive but less so than alkali metals?

Answer 18

alkali earth metals

Question 19

What do you call the transition metals in Groups 3-11 that are very hard metals with very high melting points?

Answer 19

transition metals

Question 20

What category consists of the non-metals that are not halogens or noble gases and neither as reactive as halogens nor as unreactive as the noble gases?

Answer 20

other non-metals

Question 21

What element has properties that are between those of metals and non-metals?

Answer 21

metalloids

Question 22

What element category includes the main -group metals that are not alkali metals and alkaline earth metals?

Answer 22

other metals

Question 23

What do you call the elements in Group 18 that are extremely underactive and do not undergo any naturally occurring reactions?

Answer 23

noble gases

Question 24

What do you call the elements in Group 17 that are reactive non-metals?

Answer 24

halogens

Question 25

What do you call the inner transition elements in Period 6 ?

Answer 25

lathanoids

Question 26

What do you call the inner transition elements in Period 7?

Answer 26

actinoids

Question 27

What are the elements in Groups 1,2 and 12 through 18 referred to as?

Answer 27

Main-group elements

Question 28

What are the elements in the centre of the table referred to as?

Answer 28

transition elements

Question 29

What are the elements at the bottom two rows of the table referred to as?

Answer 29

inner transition elements

Question 30

What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, shiny and can conduct an electric current?

Answer 30

mercury

Question 31

What metalloid is purified and shaped into ingots, which are sliced into wafers that are less than a millimetre thick?

Answer 31

silicon

Question 32

What non-metal is a volatile, reddish-brown liquid at room temperature and is used in water purification and in pesticides?

Answer 32

bromine

Question 33

What metal is ductile and can be drawn into a wire and shaped into coils?

Answer 33

silver

Question 33

What metal is ductile and can be drawn into a wire and shaped into coils?

Answer 33

silver

Question 34

What non-metal is a yellow solid at room temperature, is used in the processing of rubber and is an ingredient in gun powder?

Answer 34

sulfar

Question 35

What non-metal is a greenish yellow gas, is very toxic and can damage the respiratory track?

Answer 35

Chlorine

Question 36

What do you call the distance from the centre of an atom to the boundary within which the electrons spend 90 percent of their time?

Answer 36

atomic radius

Question 37

What do you call the apparent nuclear charge, as experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, as a result of the shielding by the inner-shell electrons?

Answer 37

effective nuclear charge

Question 38

What do you call the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion in the gaseous state?

Answer 38

ionization energy

Question 39

What do you call the energy absorbed or released when an electron is added to a neutral atom?

Answer 39

electron affinity

Question 40

What do you call an indicator of the relative ability of an atom to attract shared electrons?

Answer 40

electronegativity