Unit 1 - Chapter 1: Elements and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What model of the atom describes the atom as a solid sphere, where atoms of different elements differed from one another?
Dalton’s model or billiard model
What model of the atom is called the “plum pudding” model and consists of a positively charged sphere, with negatively charged particles, later called electrons, embedded in it?
Thompson’s model
What model of the atom is sometimes called the planetary model, with planet-like electrons that orbited a positively charged nucleus which is analogous to the sun and contained most of the mass of the atom?
Rutherford’s model
What model of the atom is similar to Rutherford’s model but have electrons that can have only specific amounts of energy and energy levels called electron shells?
Bohr’s model
What model shows electrons move in a region of space, which is often represented visually as a cloud?
Schrodinger’s model
What do you call electrons in the outermost shell of an atom?
valence electrons
What do you call a model of an atom that has the chemical symbol for the element surrounded by dots to represent the valence electrons of the element?
Lewis diagram
What do you call two electrons that are interacting in a unique way, allowing them to be situated close to each other?
electron pair
What do you call electrons in an unfilled outer shell that are not part of a pair and are, therefore, more likely to participate in bonds with other atoms?
unpaired electron
What do you call atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
isotopes
What do you call isotopes with unstable nuclei that decay into different, often stable, isotopes?
radioisotopes
One twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom is referred to as an?
atomic mass unit
What do you call the amount of a given isotope of an element that exists in nature, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of this element?
isotopic abundance
What do you call a statement that describes the repeating nature of the properties of the elements?
period law
What do you call a row in the periodic table?
period
What do you call a column in the periodic table?
group
What do you call all the elements in Group 1, except hydrogen, that are very reactive?
alkali metals
What do you call the elements in Group 2, that are reactive but less so than alkali metals?
alkali earth metals
What do you call the transition metals in Groups 3-11 that are very hard metals with very high melting points?
transition metals
What category consists of the non-metals that are not halogens or noble gases and neither as reactive as halogens nor as unreactive as the noble gases?
other non-metals
What element has properties that are between those of metals and non-metals?
metalloids
What element category includes the main -group metals that are not alkali metals and alkaline earth metals?
other metals
What do you call the elements in Group 18 that are extremely underactive and do not undergo any naturally occurring reactions?
noble gases
What do you call the elements in Group 17 that are reactive non-metals?
halogens
What do you call the inner transition elements in Period 6 ?
lathanoids
What do you call the inner transition elements in Period 7?
actinoids
What are the elements in Groups 1,2 and 12 through 18 referred to as?
Main-group elements
What are the elements in the centre of the table referred to as?
transition elements
What are the elements at the bottom two rows of the table referred to as?
inner transition elements
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, shiny and can conduct an electric current?
mercury
What metalloid is purified and shaped into ingots, which are sliced into wafers that are less than a millimetre thick?
silicon
What non-metal is a volatile, reddish-brown liquid at room temperature and is used in water purification and in pesticides?
bromine
What metal is ductile and can be drawn into a wire and shaped into coils?
silver
What metal is ductile and can be drawn into a wire and shaped into coils?
silver
What non-metal is a yellow solid at room temperature, is used in the processing of rubber and is an ingredient in gun powder?
sulfar
What non-metal is a greenish yellow gas, is very toxic and can damage the respiratory track?
Chlorine
What do you call the distance from the centre of an atom to the boundary within which the electrons spend 90 percent of their time?
atomic radius
What do you call the apparent nuclear charge, as experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, as a result of the shielding by the inner-shell electrons?
effective nuclear charge
What do you call the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion in the gaseous state?
ionization energy
What do you call the energy absorbed or released when an electron is added to a neutral atom?
electron affinity
What do you call an indicator of the relative ability of an atom to attract shared electrons?
electronegativity
