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Anatomy and Physiology > Unit 1: Chapter 1- An Introduction to the Human Body > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chapter 1- An Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

The largest cavity in the body

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

The process in which smaller, simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex substances the body can assemble (by utilizing energy), the complex chemicals it needs by combining small molecules derived from the foods eaten

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The standard body “map”, the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. The upper limbs are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

The scientific study of the body’s structures

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body

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6
Q

Anterior Cavity

A

Both thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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7
Q

Catabolism

A

The process in which larger, more complex substances are broken down into smaller, similar molecules; also releases energy. The complex molecules found in foods are broken down so the body can use their parts to assemble the structures and substances needed for life

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail

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9
Q

Cell

A

Cell

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10
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

A noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in the body

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11
Q

Control Center

A

The component in a feedback system that compares the value to the normal range

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12
Q

Cranial

A

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body

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13
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Houses the brain

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14
Q

Deep

A

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body

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15
Q

Development

A

Unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function to perform certain tasks in the body (also involved in the process of growth and repair)

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

Look @ Development

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17
Q

Distal

A

Describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

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18
Q

Dorsal

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body

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19
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

One of the largest body compartments, contains and protects delicate internal organs

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20
Q

Effector

A

The component in a feedback system that causes a change to reverse the situation and return the value to the normal range

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21
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

The plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion

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22
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

The study of the larger structures of the body (those visible without the aid of magnification)

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23
Q

Growth

A

The increase in body size

24
Q

Homeostasis

A

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

25
Q

Inferior

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail

26
Q

Lateral

A

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

27
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

A noninvasive medical imaging technique in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves emit radio signals (precise imaging, no radiation)

28
Q

Medial

A

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

29
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body (both occur simultaneously and continuously)

30
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

The study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices

31
Q

Negative Feedback

A

A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point. Maintains body parameters within their normal range (homeostasis)

32
Q

Normal Range

A

The restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable

33
Q

Nutrient

A

A substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival

34
Q

Organ

A

Two or more different tissues combine

35
Q

Organ System

A

Two or more organs work closely together to perform the functions of a body system

36
Q

Organism

A

Many organ systems work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism

37
Q

Pericardium

A

The serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity

38
Q

Peritoneum

A

The serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

39
Q

Physiology

A

The scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life

40
Q

Plane

A

An imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

41
Q

Pleura

A

The serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity

42
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it. Normal only when there is a definite end point

43
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

A medical imaging technique involving the use of radiopharmaceuticals (substances that emit radiation that is short-lived and therefore relatively safe)

44
Q

Posterior

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body

45
Q

Posterior Cavity

A

One of the largest body compartments, contains and protects delicate internal organs

46
Q

Pressure

A

A force exerted by a substance that is in contact with another substance

47
Q

Prone

A

A face-down orientation

48
Q

Proximal

A

Describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

49
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

The study of the interrelationships of all the structures in a specific body region. How muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and other structures work together to serve a particular body region

50
Q

Renewal

A

???

51
Q

Reproduction

A

The formation of a new organism from parent organisms

52
Q

Responsiveness

A

The ability to adjust changes in our internal/external environment

53
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

The plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides

54
Q

Section

A

A two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut

55
Q

Sensor

A

Also referred to as a receptor, a component of a feedback system that monitors a physiological value (that is then reported to the control center)

56
Q

Serosa

A

One of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

57
Q

Serous Membrane

A

One of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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