Unit 1: Changing Population Flashcards
Population Distribution
The “spread” of people across the world (eg. where they live).
Voluntary Internal Migration
The movement of people from one place to another within a country involving a permanent change of address.
Core-Periphery
The concept of a developed core surrounded by an undeveloped periphery (eg. Brazil).
Megacity
A metropolitan area with a population of 10+ million people.
Population Change
The balance between Birth Rate (BR), Death Rate (DR) and migration.
Birth Rate
of live births / 1000 people / year
Death Rate
of deaths / 1000 people / year
Natural Increase
Calculated by: Crude DR - Crude BR and expressed as a % of population (not taking migration into account).
Natural Increase: When BR is greater than DR
Natural Decrease: When DR is greater than BR
Doubling Time
of years needed for a population to double.
General Fertility Rate
of live births / 1000 women of child bearing age (15-49) / year.
Total Fertility Rate
Average # of children born / female, if all females lived to end of childbearing years.
Without migration, population decreases naturally when TFR is less than 2.1 (replacement rate).
Life Expectancy
Average # of years a person can be expected to live from birth if demographic factors remain unchanged throughout their life.
Infant Mortality Rate
of deaths of infants ( < 1 yrs old) / 1000 live births / year
Child Mortality Rate
of deaths of children ( < 5 yrs old) / 1000 live births / year
Population Momentum
The tendency of a population to grow despite a fall in BR or fertility.
Population Projection
Predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality & migration.
Migration
Any population movement involving a permanent change of residence of at least 1 year’s duration.
Internally Displaced Person
Someone forced to flee their home, but who remains within their country’s borders.
Sex Ratio
The proportion of males to females in a given population, usually expressed as # of males per 100 females.
Gender Imbalance
Disparity between males and females in a population.
Demographic Dividend
A phenomenon in which the majority of the population is economically active, with a low dependency ratio, as produced by the lag time between falling DR and falling BR (eg. India).
