unit 1 - challenges facing the weimar republic (1918-1923) Flashcards
when was the treaty of versailles signed?
28th of june, 1919
how much did Germany have to pay in reparations from the treaty of Versailles?
6,600 million
how much territory did germany lose from the treaty of versailles?
13%
what military restrictions were put in place after the treaty of versailles?
military restricted to just 100,000 and banned from having an airforce
what was the war guilt clause? what did it mean?
article 231, placed full responsibilities from the first world war on Germany
when was the weimar constitiution adopted?
july 31st 1919
what percent of Germanys iron ore did it lose to the treaty of versailles?
48%
what article allowed the president to rule in emergencies?
article 48
how many times was article 48 used between 1923-1933?
article 48 was used over 100 times, mp’s neglected the reichstag
what was the issue with proportional representation under the Weimar constituition?
caused unstable coalition governments that could not pass laws effectively
what powers did the president hold?
could dissolve parliament and appoint a chancellor
when did the spartacist revolt occur?
January 1919
who led the spartacist revolt?
Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, executed at the end
when did the Kapp putsch take place?
March 1920
how did the public react to the Kapp putsch?
general strike
when was the NSDAP founded?
1920 February - National Socialist German Workers Party
what did the NSDAP want?
25 point plan –
nationalism, anti-semitism, anti-communism, hated the WR
who was the leader of the NSDAP by 1921? who did he take over from?
Adolf Hitler, after Anton Drexler
what paramilitary group did the NSDAP form in 1921?
The SA
how many members were in the SA in 1930 compared to 1932?
in 1930 - 60,000
in 1932 - 400,000
when was the Munich Putsch?
November 8/9 1923
what was the significance of the trial after the Munich Putsch?
put hitler on a national scale, used it as propaganda to a larger audience
how long did hitler serve out of his five year sentence?
9 months
who proliferated the ‘Stab in the back’ myth?
General Ludendorff, and the right-wing military
what was the WR nicknamed after WWI?
‘November Criminals’
how many political assassinations were there between 1919-22?
376 political murders, 354 by the right
what percent of wartime costs were borrowed in Germany?
84%
who were the ‘Big Three’?
USA - Woodrow Wilson (nice)
UK - David Lloyd George (middle/trade)
France - Georges Clemenceau (harsh)
what was the price of 1kg of butter in 1919 compared to November 1923?
2.70 marks
6 billion marks
how many people unemployed in 1923?
2 million
When did the French and Belgium troops invade the Ruhr?
January 11th 1923
why did hyperinflation occur?
printing of excess money to reduce governement debt
what were the impacts of the Ruhr being invaded?
severe economically disruptive, as majot industrial plant
how did they end the invasion of the Ruhr?
going on mass strikes
how many members of the NSDAP by 1923?
55,000
who benefitted from hyperinflation?
Hugo Stinnes - in the end controlled 20% of German industry
who is an example of a political assassination?
Matthias Erzberger, finance minister 1919-21 who signed the armistice
how many nazis were killed during the Munich putsch?
14
what happened to Ludendorff post Munich Putsch?
he was let off
