unit 1 ch 3

Question 1

block grants

Answer 1

Federal grants-in-aid that
permit state and local officials to decide how
the money will be spent within a general area,
such as education or health.

Question 2

reserved powers

Answer 2

The powers granted to
the states under the Tenth Amendment to the
Constitution.

Question 3

categorical grants

Answer 3

Federal grants-in-aid to
states and localities that can be used only for
designated projects.

Question 4

sovereignty

Answer 4

The supreme (or ultimate)
authority to govern within a certain
geographical area.

Question 5

centralized federalism

Answer 5

intergovernmental
relations in which the national government
imposes its policy preferences on state and
local governments

Question 6

unitary system

Answer 6

A governmental system
in which the national government alone has
sovereign (ultimate) authority

Question 7

cooperative federalism

Answer 7

The situation in
which the national, state, and local levels
work together to solve problems.

Question 8

fiscal federalism

Answer 8

A term that refers to the
expenditure of federal funds on programs run
in part through states and localities.

Question 9

devolution

Answer 9

The passing down of authority
from the national government to the state and
local governments.

Question 10

grants-in-aid

Answer 10

Federal cash payments to
states and localities for programs they
administer.

Question 11

dual federalism

Answer 11

the national
government takes care of its enumerated
powers while the state governments take care
of their reserved powers

Question 12

implied powers

Answer 12

The federal
government’s constitutional authority
(through the “necessary and proper” clause)
to take action that is not expressly authorized
by the Constitution but that supports actions
that are so authorized.

Question 13

enumerated (expressed) powers

Answer 13

The
seventeen powers granted to the national
government under Article I, Section 8 of the
Constitution. These powers include taxation
and the regulation of commerce as well as the
authority to provide for the national defense.

Question 14

mandates

Answer 14

clauses in legislation that direct
state governments to comply with national
legislation and standards

Question 15

federalism (dual sovereignty)

Answer 15

A
governmental system in which authority is
divided between two sovereign levels of
government: national and regional.

Question 16

“necessary and proper” (elastic) clause

Answer 16

Congress has the power to do whatever it
deems necessary and constitutional to meet its
enumerated obligations; the basis for implied
powers