unit 1 cells

Question 1

Ancestor

Answer 1

Ancestor- a person from whom one is descended from

Question 2

Descendant

Answer 2

• a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor

Question 3

Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Asexual reproduction – genetic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other (uniform)

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

Chromosome – made of DNA located in the nucleus; contains genetic information needed to carry out cell functions and make new cells

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Allele- one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome

Question 6

Diverse Offspring

Answer 6

Diverse Offspring- different combinations of alleles from each parent

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

DNA – located in the nucleus; determines the genetic traits of an organism (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Gene – a segment of DNA found on a chromosome; determines the inheritance of a particular trait

Question 9

Heredity

Answer 9

Heredity – the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

Question 10

Genetics

Answer 10

Genetics- the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

Question 11

Sexual reproduction

Answer 11

Sexual reproduction – genetic material is donated from two parents; offspring differ from each parent and each other (diverse)

Question 12

Traits

Answer 12

Traits – behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

Heterozygous- If an individual carries two different genres for a trait (Aa)

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

Homozygous- If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene (AA or aa)

Question 15

Dominant Trait

Answer 15

Dominant Trait-inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele

Question 16

Recessive Trait

Answer 16

Recessive Trait-a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles

Question 17

Genotype-

Answer 17

Genotype- the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

Phenotype- the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

Question 19

Punnet Square

Answer 19

Punnet Square- used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring