Unit 1: Cells Flashcards
A Greek philosopher, was one of the earliest recorded scholars to propose the spontaneous generation theory.
Aristotle
The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter; also, the archaic theory that utilized this process to explain the origin of life.
spontaneous generation theory
An Italian scientist, disproved spontaneous generation theory by performing an experiment that refutes the idea that maggots arise spontaneously from meat.
Francesco Redi
A French chemist, disproved spontaneous generation theory conclusively with his famous swan-necked flask experiment. He proposed that life can only come from preexisting life forms.
Louis Pasteur`
How many cells must a living organism have for it to be considered living?
One
A British scientist, was the first to use a simple microscope to examine a thin slice of oak tree bark called cork.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke observed blocks of tiny packets that make up the cork and called them _____.
Cells
They are likely to have more available surface area for the movement of molecules.
Small Cells
They have a larger volume relative to their surface area that it gets difficult for nutrients to diffuse to the center and the wastes to be eliminated.
Big Cells
As the size of cell ______, its volume also ______ at a greater rate than its surface area, which then _____ decreases its surface area to volume ratio.
increases, increases, decreases
_____________ is important that it favors a smaller cell size in terms of efficiency of the movement of molecules.
Surface area to volume ratio
An organism’s ability to keep a constant internal state
homeostasis
It involves constant adjustments as the internal and external conditions of the cell continuously change.
homeostasis
It is the constant internal temperature in which cells only function normally.
37
This mechanism allows the body to generate heat
shivering/thermogenesis
This involves water evaporation through the skin to cool down the body temperature during hot seasons.
perspiration
Cells protect and support their internal environment through their _________.
cellular membranes
He invented the first primitive microscope which was sued to view microscopic cells.
Zacharias Janssen
Was the first to see and describe microorganisms from a drop of water by using his self-made practical microscope.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
is one of the proponents of cell theory who stated that plants are made up of cell sand that the cell is basic unit of life.
Matthias Schleiden
is also a proponent of cell theory who stated that all organisms are made up of cells.
Theodor Schwann
another proponent of the cell theory who stated that cells come from preexisting cells. Through successive cell division, many cells can be produced from a single cell.
Rudolf Virchow
Every living organism consists of one or more cells.
Theodor Schwann
The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is the smallest
structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Matthias Schleiden
Cells come from preexisting cells. Cells contain
hereditary material, which they pass to their offspring
when they divide.
Rudolf Virchow
consists of the archaebacteria.
Kingdom Archaea
These prokaryotic cells thrive in extreme environments such as sulfuric lakes and hydrothermal vents.
archaebacteria
Bacterial species that usually cause diseases to humans belong to ___________./also consists of good or nonpathogenic bacteria.
Kingdom Eubacteria
consists of unicellular organisms that are animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like. These organisms do not have the characteristics of true animals, true plants, or true fungi.
Kingdom Protista
consists of organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and mildews. Some mushrooms are harmful, but some are edible.
Kingdom Fungi
consists of plants,
Kingdom Plantae
consists of animals, the members of which include complex multicellular organisms.
Kingdom Animalia
Cells can only come from preexisting cells similar to how bacterial and yeast cells produce their daughter cells through
binary fission
Another example is the fusion of an egg cell and a sperm cell to form a fertilized cell called ______ which will undergo further division to give rise to complex multicellular organisms such as humans.
zygote
The two major regions that divides cell.
cell membrane and protoplast
The protoplast, likewise, is divided into two compartments.
cytoplasm and nucleus
___________ serves as the control center of the cell.
nucleus
the ________ provides a vessel where the organelles can be suspended, along side the cytoskeleton and the semi-fluid cytosol.
cytoplasm
Plasma membranes mostly consists of _______.
phospholipids
Phospholipids composition: the first part “head” with a negatively charged ___________ with polar covalent bonds.
phosphate group
Phospholipids composition: the first part “head” with a negatively charged phosphate group with ____________ .
polar covalent bonds
Phospholipid composition: the second part is made up of two nonpolar ______ “tails”.
fatty acid
Phospholipid composition: the second part is made up of ___________ fatty acid “tails”.
two non polar
These phospholipids group together to form a two-layered barrier called a ____________.
phospholipid bilayer
