Unit 1: Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

A Greek philosopher, was one of the earliest recorded scholars to propose the spontaneous generation theory.

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter; also, the archaic theory that utilized this process to explain the origin of life.

A

spontaneous generation theory

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3
Q

An Italian scientist, disproved spontaneous generation theory by performing an experiment that refutes the idea that maggots arise spontaneously from meat.

A

Francesco Redi

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4
Q

A French chemist, disproved spontaneous generation theory conclusively with his famous swan-necked flask experiment. He proposed that life can only come from preexisting life forms.

A

Louis Pasteur`

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5
Q

How many cells must a living organism have for it to be considered living?

A

One

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6
Q

A British scientist, was the first to use a simple microscope to examine a thin slice of oak tree bark called cork.

A

Robert Hooke

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7
Q

Robert Hooke observed blocks of tiny packets that make up the cork and called them _____.

A

Cells

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8
Q

They are likely to have more available surface area for the movement of molecules.

A

Small Cells

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9
Q

They have a larger volume relative to their surface area that it gets difficult for nutrients to diffuse to the center and the wastes to be eliminated.

A

Big Cells

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10
Q

As the size of cell ______, its volume also ______ at a greater rate than its surface area, which then _____ decreases its surface area to volume ratio.

A

increases, increases, decreases

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11
Q

_____________ is important that it favors a smaller cell size in terms of efficiency of the movement of molecules.

A

Surface area to volume ratio

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12
Q

An organism’s ability to keep a constant internal state

A

homeostasis

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13
Q

It involves constant adjustments as the internal and external conditions of the cell continuously change.

A

homeostasis

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14
Q

It is the constant internal temperature in which cells only function normally.

A

37

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15
Q

This mechanism allows the body to generate heat

A

shivering/thermogenesis

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16
Q

This involves water evaporation through the skin to cool down the body temperature during hot seasons.

A

perspiration

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17
Q

Cells protect and support their internal environment through their _________.

A

cellular membranes

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18
Q

He invented the first primitive microscope which was sued to view microscopic cells.

A

Zacharias Janssen

19
Q

Was the first to see and describe microorganisms from a drop of water by using his self-made practical microscope.

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

20
Q

is one of the proponents of cell theory who stated that plants are made up of cell sand that the cell is basic unit of life.

A

Matthias Schleiden

21
Q

is also a proponent of cell theory who stated that all organisms are made up of cells.

A

Theodor Schwann

22
Q

another proponent of the cell theory who stated that cells come from preexisting cells. Through successive cell division, many cells can be produced from a single cell.

A

Rudolf Virchow

23
Q

Every living organism consists of one or more cells.

A

Theodor Schwann

24
Q

The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is the smallest
structural and functional unit of all organisms.

A

Matthias Schleiden

25
Q

Cells come from preexisting cells. Cells contain
hereditary material, which they pass to their offspring
when they divide.

A

Rudolf Virchow

26
Q

consists of the archaebacteria.

A

Kingdom Archaea

27
Q

These prokaryotic cells thrive in extreme environments such as sulfuric lakes and hydrothermal vents.

A

archaebacteria

28
Q

Bacterial species that usually cause diseases to humans belong to ___________./also consists of good or nonpathogenic bacteria.

A

Kingdom Eubacteria

29
Q

consists of unicellular organisms that are animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like. These organisms do not have the characteristics of true animals, true plants, or true fungi.

A

Kingdom Protista

30
Q

consists of organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and mildews. Some mushrooms are harmful, but some are edible.

A

Kingdom Fungi

31
Q

consists of plants,

A

Kingdom Plantae

32
Q

consists of animals, the members of which include complex multicellular organisms.

A

Kingdom Animalia

33
Q

Cells can only come from preexisting cells similar to how bacterial and yeast cells produce their daughter cells through

A

binary fission

34
Q

Another example is the fusion of an egg cell and a sperm cell to form a fertilized cell called ______ which will undergo further division to give rise to complex multicellular organisms such as humans.

A

zygote

35
Q

The two major regions that divides cell.

A

cell membrane and protoplast

36
Q

The protoplast, likewise, is divided into two compartments.

A

cytoplasm and nucleus

37
Q

___________ serves as the control center of the cell.

A

nucleus

38
Q

the ________ provides a vessel where the organelles can be suspended, along side the cytoskeleton and the semi-fluid cytosol.

A

cytoplasm

39
Q

Plasma membranes mostly consists of _______.

A

phospholipids

40
Q

Phospholipids composition: the first part “head” with a negatively charged ___________ with polar covalent bonds.

A

phosphate group

41
Q

Phospholipids composition: the first part “head” with a negatively charged phosphate group with ____________ .

A

polar covalent bonds

42
Q

Phospholipid composition: the second part is made up of two nonpolar ______ “tails”.

A

fatty acid

43
Q

Phospholipid composition: the second part is made up of ___________ fatty acid “tails”.

A

two non polar

44
Q

These phospholipids group together to form a two-layered barrier called a ____________.

A

phospholipid bilayer