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Bio 204 > Unit 1 - Cell Theory /Cell Structure/Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Cell Theory /Cell Structure/Cell Membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory (3pnts)

A

(1) All Life is Composed of Cells
(2) Cells are basic structural/functional units of life.
(3) Cells arise from the division of preexisting cells.

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2
Q

Characteristics of Life (7pnts)

A

Life displays:

  1. Order
  2. Homeostasis
  3. Harnesses Energy
  4. Responds to Stimulai
  5. Grows/Develops
  6. Reproduces
  7. Evolves
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3
Q

This type of cell includes

  • Cell Membrane.
  • No vast membrane system ( complex cytoskeleton)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleoid Region - DNA Floats Freely in the Cytoplasm

This type of cell does not include

  • Organelles
  • Nucleus
A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

Before + Nucleus

A

Prokaryote

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5
Q

True + Nucleus

A

Eukaryote

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6
Q 
This type of cell includes 
- A true nucleus where the DNA is surrounded by an 
  Envelope. 
- Cell Membrane.
- Vast internal membrane system
- Cytoplasm 
- Ribosomes
- Membrane-Bound Structures 
- Nucleus

This type of cell does not include
- Nucleoid Region

A

Eukaryote

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7
Q

Prokaryotes include which two groups

A

Archaea & Bacteria

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8
Q

All cells are bounded by a

A

Plasma Membrane

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9
Q

A Plasma Membrane is a (blank) __-layer

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

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10
Q

A term that describes the shifting,rearranging nature of proteins and receptors in the cell membrane

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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11
Q

(Blank) -> is the ratio of the object as viewed to its real size, usually given as Ex: 400:1

A

Magnification

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12
Q

(Blank) -> the ability to distinguish between two points

A

Resolution

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13
Q

A main characteristic of the bilayer is that it is (water)

A

Hydrophobic.

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14
Q

(blank) help channel select water-soluble substances through the cell membrane

A

Transport Protiens

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15
Q

Water-Soluable means

A

Capable of dissolving in water

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16
Q

Nucleus has four important features - (4points)

A

Central region of Eukaryotic Cells.
Stores DNA
Contains Nucleolus
Produces Ribosomes.

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17
Q

Nucleus Structure (5 points)

A

Nuclear Complex.
1 Nuclear Membrane ( bilayer with inner/outer membrane)
2 Nuclear Pores - Allows for transport of MRNA/ Protiens
3 Nucleoplasm - Like cytoplasm
4 DNA - Stored in tangles of Chromosomes for protein production
5 Nucleolus - Ribosome Assembly.

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18
Q

The Nucleus is attached to which other organelles

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum. (E.R)

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19
Q

The Nucleus is comprised of what specific protein (Hint: Two Words - Drama…..)

A

Lamin

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20
Q

Which two domains make up prokaryotes? (2pnts)

A

Bacteria/Archaea

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21
Q

Basic Cell Components. (6pnts)

A 
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton 
Cytosol. 
Organelles. 
Ribosomes. 
Nucleus/Nucleoid Region.
22
Q

What are membranes’ crucial roles? (3pnts)

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

  • Form barriers that restrict the free flow of substances
  • Substance transport between cells.
  • Cell Signalling
23
Q

Is a protein-based framework of filamentous structures that, among other things, helps maintain proper cell shape and plays key roles in cell division and chromosome segregation from generation to generation

A

Cytoskeleton

24
Q

(blank) are small, organized, membrane bound structures important for cell function.

A

Organelles

25
Q

(Blank) contains both the cytosol and cytoskeleton

A

Cytoplasm

26
Q

Eukaryotes belong to which domain?

A

Eukarya

27
Q

The cytoplasm of (Blank Blank) typically contains extensive membrane systems that form organelles with their own distinct environments and spe-cialized functions.

A

Eukaryotic Cells

28
Q

Examples of Eukaryotes are…(4pnts)

A

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists

29
Q

Nucleoid Region - think spaghetti

A

Nucleoid; that region of the cell is seen to contain a highly folded mass of DNA. For most species, the DNA is a single, circular molecule that unfolds when released from the cell.

30
Q

Three common types of prokaryotes shapes

A

Spherical
Rodlike
Spiral

31
Q

Small, roughly spherical particles in the cytoplasm use the information in the mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins

A

Ribosomes

32
Q

A pro-karyotic ribosome consists of

A

A large and small subunit

33
Q

Most Prokaryotic cells are bound by a

A

Cell Wall

34
Q

The Cell wall provides

A

Rigidity and protection

35
Q

Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane has two special roles in bacteria/archaea

A

Metabolizing food molecules into Atp

Transporting materials

36
Q

Prokaryotes move using long, threadlike protein fibres called

A

Flagella

37
Q

The main function of (blank) in prokaryotic cells is attaching the cell to surfaces or other cells

A

Pili

38
Q

In many prokaryotic cells, the wall is coated with an external layer of polysaccharides called the glycocalyx (a “sugar coating” from glykys - sweet; calyx - cup or vessel). When the glycocalyx is diffuse and loosely associated with the cells, it is a (blank); when it is gelatinous and more firmly attached to cells, it is a (blank).

A

Slime layer & Capsul

39
Q

Which Eukaryotes may have cell walls? (3points)

A

Plants, Fungi,Protists

40
Q

Chromatin

A

A combination of DNA and proteins.

41
Q

Chromatin refers to any collection of eukaryotic DNA molecules with their associated proteins.

A

Chromosome refers to one complete DNA molecule with its associated proteins.

42
Q

Which type of cell contains more DNA? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotes.

43
Q

Look like irregular masses of small fibres and granules

A

Nucleoli (singular, nucleolus)

44
Q

Small mem-brane-bound compartments that transfer substances between parts of the system.

A

Vesicles

45
Q

Vesicles

A

Small mem-brane-bound compartments that transfer substances between parts of the system.

46
Q

Components of Endomembrane System (6)

A 
Nuclear Envelope
ER
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Vesicles
Plasma Membrane
47
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough ER and smooth ER -> An extensive interconnected network of membranous channels and vesicles called cisternae

48
Q

Rough ER

A

Studded with ribosomes, manufacture and modify protiens before shipping them out in vessicles

49
Q

Smooth ER

A

Has various functions in cytoplasm - like the synthesis of lipids for the plasma membrane

50
Q

The Golgi complex consists of a stack of flattened, membranous sacs known as (blank) which resembles flattened pancakes.

A

Cisternae

Bio 204 (2 decks)

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