Unit 1 - Cell Theory /Cell Structure/Cell Membrane Flashcards
Cell Theory (3pnts)
(1) All Life is Composed of Cells
(2) Cells are basic structural/functional units of life.
(3) Cells arise from the division of preexisting cells.
Characteristics of Life (7pnts)
Life displays:
- Order
- Homeostasis
- Harnesses Energy
- Responds to Stimulai
- Grows/Develops
- Reproduces
- Evolves
This type of cell includes
- Cell Membrane.
- No vast membrane system ( complex cytoskeleton)
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Nucleoid Region - DNA Floats Freely in the Cytoplasm
This type of cell does not include
- Organelles
- Nucleus
Prokaryote
Before + Nucleus
Prokaryote
True + Nucleus
Eukaryote
This type of cell includes - A true nucleus where the DNA is surrounded by an Envelope. - Cell Membrane. - Vast internal membrane system - Cytoplasm - Ribosomes - Membrane-Bound Structures - Nucleus
This type of cell does not include
- Nucleoid Region
Eukaryote
Prokaryotes include which two groups
Archaea & Bacteria
All cells are bounded by a
Plasma Membrane
A Plasma Membrane is a (blank) __-layer
Phospholipid Bilayer
A term that describes the shifting,rearranging nature of proteins and receptors in the cell membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
(Blank) -> is the ratio of the object as viewed to its real size, usually given as Ex: 400:1
Magnification
(Blank) -> the ability to distinguish between two points
Resolution
A main characteristic of the bilayer is that it is (water)
Hydrophobic.
(blank) help channel select water-soluble substances through the cell membrane
Transport Protiens
Water-Soluable means
Capable of dissolving in water
Nucleus has four important features - (4points)
Central region of Eukaryotic Cells.
Stores DNA
Contains Nucleolus
Produces Ribosomes.
Nucleus Structure (5 points)
Nuclear Complex.
1 Nuclear Membrane ( bilayer with inner/outer membrane)
2 Nuclear Pores - Allows for transport of MRNA/ Protiens
3 Nucleoplasm - Like cytoplasm
4 DNA - Stored in tangles of Chromosomes for protein production
5 Nucleolus - Ribosome Assembly.
The Nucleus is attached to which other organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum. (E.R)
The Nucleus is comprised of what specific protein (Hint: Two Words - Drama…..)
Lamin
Which two domains make up prokaryotes? (2pnts)
Bacteria/Archaea
Basic Cell Components. (6pnts)
Cell Membrane Cytoskeleton Cytosol. Organelles. Ribosomes. Nucleus/Nucleoid Region.
What are membranes’ crucial roles? (3pnts)
Fluid Mosaic Model
- Form barriers that restrict the free flow of substances
- Substance transport between cells.
- Cell Signalling
Is a protein-based framework of filamentous structures that, among other things, helps maintain proper cell shape and plays key roles in cell division and chromosome segregation from generation to generation
Cytoskeleton
(blank) are small, organized, membrane bound structures important for cell function.
Organelles
(Blank) contains both the cytosol and cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotes belong to which domain?
Eukarya
The cytoplasm of (Blank Blank) typically contains extensive membrane systems that form organelles with their own distinct environments and spe-cialized functions.
Eukaryotic Cells
Examples of Eukaryotes are…(4pnts)
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Nucleoid Region - think spaghetti
Nucleoid; that region of the cell is seen to contain a highly folded mass of DNA. For most species, the DNA is a single, circular molecule that unfolds when released from the cell.
Three common types of prokaryotes shapes
Spherical
Rodlike
Spiral
Small, roughly spherical particles in the cytoplasm use the information in the mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins
Ribosomes
A pro-karyotic ribosome consists of
A large and small subunit
Most Prokaryotic cells are bound by a
Cell Wall
The Cell wall provides
Rigidity and protection
Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane has two special roles in bacteria/archaea
Metabolizing food molecules into Atp
Transporting materials
Prokaryotes move using long, threadlike protein fibres called
Flagella
The main function of (blank) in prokaryotic cells is attaching the cell to surfaces or other cells
Pili
In many prokaryotic cells, the wall is coated with an external layer of polysaccharides called the glycocalyx (a “sugar coating” from glykys - sweet; calyx - cup or vessel). When the glycocalyx is diffuse and loosely associated with the cells, it is a (blank); when it is gelatinous and more firmly attached to cells, it is a (blank).
Slime layer & Capsul
Which Eukaryotes may have cell walls? (3points)
Plants, Fungi,Protists
Chromatin
A combination of DNA and proteins.
Chromatin refers to any collection of eukaryotic DNA molecules with their associated proteins.
Chromosome refers to one complete DNA molecule with its associated proteins.
Which type of cell contains more DNA? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes.
Look like irregular masses of small fibres and granules
Nucleoli (singular, nucleolus)
Small mem-brane-bound compartments that transfer substances between parts of the system.
Vesicles
Vesicles
Small mem-brane-bound compartments that transfer substances between parts of the system.
Components of Endomembrane System (6)
Nuclear Envelope ER Golgi Complex Lysosomes Vesicles Plasma Membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER and smooth ER -> An extensive interconnected network of membranous channels and vesicles called cisternae
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes, manufacture and modify protiens before shipping them out in vessicles
Smooth ER
Has various functions in cytoplasm - like the synthesis of lipids for the plasma membrane
The Golgi complex consists of a stack of flattened, membranous sacs known as (blank) which resembles flattened pancakes.
Cisternae
