unit 1 Cell biology

Question 1

What does an animal celll concist of

Answer 1

Cell membrane, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondira, Cytoplasm & chloroplasts

Question 2

Describe the function of the cell membrane

Answer 2

controls what enters and exists the cell

Question 3

The function of a cell wall

Answer 3

to prevent the cell from bursting and to provide it with a rigid structure

Question 4

Function of the ribosomes

Answer 4

Sight of Protien synthesis

Question 5

Function of mitochondria

Answer 5

sight of aerobic respiration

Question 6

function of cytoplasm

Answer 6

Sight of chemical reactions

Question 7

Function of the cell vacuole

Answer 7

Filled with cell sap

Question 8

Function of nucleus

Answer 8

Controls the cells activities

Question 9

Define active transport

Answer 9

The movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concnetration, against a concentraion gradient and requiring energy

Question 10

Define passive transport

Answer 10

The movemtn of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration,down a concentration gradient not requiring energy

Question 11

What does a cell wall concist of

Answer 11

Phospholipids & protiens

Question 12

Why is diffusion important to a cell

Answer 12

It allows them to gain usefull substances they require to grow and obtain energy & lets them get rid of waste substances

Question 13

why do cells need oxygen

Answer 13

In order to carry put aerobic respiration

Question 14

the effect of osmosis on plant cell

Answer 14

Become turgid or plasmolysed

Question 15

Effect on an animal cell of osmosis

Answer 15

Burst or shrink

Question 16

What is the structure of DNA

Answer 16

A double-stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs

Question 17

What are the names of the base pairs

Answer 17

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 18

What do the order of bases determine

Answer 18

The order of amino acids which then determines the type of protien

Question 19

What does mRNA do

Answer 19

mRNA carries a complementary copy of the genetic code, from the nucleus into the cytoplasm where the ribosomes then attach to the mRNA and the instructions it carries are used to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a specific type of protein

Question 20

Stage 1 of genetic engineering

Answer 20

The required gene is identified

Question 21

Stage 2

Answer 21

The required gene is extracted using enzymes and the plasmid is extracted from host bacterial cell using enzymes

Question 22

Stage 3

Answer 22

The plasmid is cut open using enzymes

Question 23

Stage 4

Answer 23

The required gene is inserted into the plasmid using enzymes

Question 24

Stage 5

Answer 24

The modified plasmid is inserted back into the bacterial cell

Question 25

The first stage of respiration

Answer 25

glucose is broke down into 2 molecules of pyruvate producing 2 molecules of ATP

Question 26

Aerobic respiration

Answer 26

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria when oxygen is present, It breaks the pyruvate down into CO2 and water producing another 36 molecules of ATP making a total of 38 moleules

Question 27

Fermenation

Answer 27

Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm when oxygen is not present and produces CO2 and ethanol in plants & lactate in humans, producing no extra ATP, leaving the 2 previous molecules