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Nat5 Chemistry x > Unit 1-bonding, Structures & Properties > Flashcards

Unit 1-bonding, Structures & Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms of elements

A

The building blocks which make up everything in the universe

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2
Q

What can atoms join together to make

A

Bonds

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3
Q

What happens when 2 or more atoms join together

A

They from a molecule

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4
Q

What happens when the atoms are the same

A

It’s a molecule of an element

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5
Q

How many atoms are diatomic atoms made up of

A

2

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6
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements in the periodic table

A

hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, oxygen, fluorine, iodine, nitrogen

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7
Q

Why do atoms form bonds

A

To achieve the most stable outer electron arrangement- a full outer shell

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8
Q

What are covalent bonds

A

When 2 positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of negative electrons

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9
Q

What are covalent bonds formed of

A

Between 2 non-metals (usually)

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10
Q

What kind of level of attraction do covalent bonds have

A

Extremely strong forces of attraction

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11
Q

How do atoms form bonds

A

Using the electrons in their outer most energy she
L

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12
Q

What do bonding diagrams do

A

They give a simplified picture of an atoms outer electrons

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13
Q

What do molecules exist in

A

3 dimensions

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14
Q

What does the shape of a simple covalent molecule depend on

A

The number and orientation of bonds around the central atom

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15
Q

What does the bond look like and its perspective when it’s a straight bond

A

A straight line, in the plane of the paper

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16
Q

What does the bond look like and its perspective when it’s a wedge bond

A

A door stopper, coming towards you

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17
Q

What does the bond look like and its perspective when it’s a dashed bond

A

Straight lines getting longer, going away from you

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18
Q

What do you call one bond

A

Linear

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19
Q

What do you call two bonds

A

Angular

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20
Q

What do you call 3 bods

A

Triganol pyramidal

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21
Q

What do you call 4 bonds

A

Tetrahedral

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22
Q

What do covalent substances form

A

Either discrete molecular or giant network structures

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23
Q

What are covalent molecular at room temp

A

Can be solids, liquids, or gases

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24
Q

What happens when a covalent molecular compound melts or boils

A

The weak intermolecular force is broken and the strong covalent bonds are left intact.

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25
Q

Do covalent molecular have high or low boiling pints

A

As there is less energy required they have lower melting and boiling points

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26
Q

What are covalent networks

A

They exist as giant network structures held together strong covalent bonds

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27
Q

Do covalent networks have high or low boiling points

A

As there is lots of energy required to break the strong covalent bonds there is a high melting and boiling points

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28
Q

What are examples of covalent networks

A

Carbon in the form of graphite and silicon dioxide

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29
Q

What state is covalent network at room temp

A

Solid

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30
Q

What does the chemical formula of a covalent molecular substance give

A

The number of atoms present in the molecule

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31
Q

What does the formula of a covalent network substance give

A

The simplest ratio of atoms in the substance

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32
Q

Different elements form what kinds of bonds

A

Different kinds of bonds

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33
Q

What is a valency

A

The ability of atoms to combine with other atoms

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34
Q

What does an atoms valency depend on

A

How many outer electrons it has

35
Q

What does the compound name sometimes have at the start of

A

A prefix

36
Q

What dumber does mono mean

A

1

37
Q

What number does di mean

A

2

38
Q

What number does tri mean

A

3

39
Q

What number does tetra mean

A

4

40
Q

What number does penta mean

A

5

41
Q

What number does hexa mean

A

6

42
Q

What number does hepta mean

A

7

43
Q

What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons

A

Charged particles called ions are formed

44
Q

What happens if an atom gains an electron

A

It becomes a negatively charged ion

45
Q

What happens if an atom loses an electron

A

It becomes a positively charged ion

46
Q

What happens when metals lose electrons

A

They become positively charged ions

47
Q

What happens when non-metals gain electrons

A

They become negatively charged ions

48
Q

What do atoms achieve when they form ions

A

The same arrangement as there nearest noble gas

49
Q

What does ionic bonding occur between

A

A metal and a non metal

50
Q

What does ionic bond mean

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

51
Q

What is an ionic lattice

A

A giant arrangement of ions held together by electrostatic attraction (ie. ionic bonds)

52
Q

What are in ionic lattices

A

Millions of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

53
Q

How much energy is required to break an ionic lattice

A

Lots of energy and as a result they have high melting and boiling points

54
Q

What state are ionic compounds at room temp

A

Solid

55
Q

What does the formula of an ionic compound give

A

The simplest ratio of ions in the substance

56
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 1

A

+

57
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 2

A

2+

58
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 3

A

3+

59
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 4

A

/

60
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 5

A

3-

61
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 6

A

2-

62
Q

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 7

A

-

63
Q

What is a group ion

A

An ion which contains more than one type of atom

64
Q

What is electric current

A

A flow of charged particles

65
Q

What are conductors of electricity

A

They allow an electric current to flow through them

66
Q

What do non conductors of electricity do

A

They do not allow an electric current to flow through

67
Q

Do metals conduct

A

Metal elements and carbon (in the form of graphite) are electrical conductors

68
Q

do non metals conduct

A

Non metal elements are non-conductors of electricity

69
Q

What happens to an outer electron of metals atoms

A

They are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move around. They are delocalised

70
Q

Why do metals conduct electricity

A

Because there electrons are free to move around

71
Q

What happens to the atoms in a covalent bond which means they can’t conduct electricity

A

They share a pair of electrons this means that the electrons are not free to move around and there is no conduction of electricity

72
Q

Why can’t non metals conduct electricity

A

They do not have charged particles which can move and therefore they can’t conduct

73
Q

What is the exception of non metals not conducting

A

Carbon (in the form of graphite)

74
Q

What structure does graphite have

A

A layered covalent network structure

75
Q

For carbon graphite how many electrons does each carbon atom use

A

3 electrons for bonding, the remaining electron is delocalised over the whole structure

76
Q

Why can carbon graphite conduct

A

The electrons are free to move around between the layers , therefore it can conduct because electricity can flow through it

77
Q

Do covalent compounds conduct and why

A

They do not conduct electricity as the electrons are not free to move

78
Q

What state do ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in

A

The solid state. They conduct when dissolved in water or when molten

79
Q

Why do ionic compounds not conduct in solid but 5hey do in liquid.

A

Because the ions are not free to move but when the ionic compounds dissolve in water the lattice breaks and the ions are free to move

80
Q

What happens when you melt an ionic compounds

A

It breaks down the lattice and allows the ions to move

81
Q

Are covalent molecular substances soluble

A

They are insoluble in water but mayo be soluble in other solvents

82
Q

Do covalent network substances dissolve

A

They do not dissolve

83
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in water

A

They are soluble in water as they dissolve, the lattice structure break up allowing water molecules to surround the separated ions

84
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in covalent solvents

A

They tend to be insoluble in covalent solvents like ethanol

Nat5 Chemistry x (1 decks)

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