Unit 1 - Biomolecule Structure & Function

Question 1

Scientific method

Answer 1

is a systematic approach used in scientific investigation to explore observations, answer questions, and test hypotheses

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

is how living things keep their internal environment stable, even when the outside conditions change.

Question 3

Positive feedback

Answer 3

is when a change causes even more of that change. For example, during childbirth, the release of oxytocin makes contractions stronger, which then causes more oxytocin to be released.

Question 4

Negative feedback

Answer 4

is when a change in the body triggers a response that works to bring things back to normal. For example, if your body gets too hot, you start to sweat to cool down.

Question 5

What does it mean when something is polar?

Answer 5

something is polar if it has areas with different charges, like one part being slightly positive and another part being slightly negative. Water is a good example of a polar molecule.

Question 6

What is polar?

Answer 6

Water, glucose, DNA and RNA, and phospholipids

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

water molecules stick to each other, which helps with processes like water transport in plants

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

water molecules stick to other surfaces, which also aids in plant transport and other biological processes

Question 9

pH

Answer 9

measures how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 to 14:
- 7 is neutral (like water).
- Less than 7 is acidic (like lemon juice).
- More than 7 is basic (like baking soda).

Question 10

Acids

Answer 10

substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water and have a pH less than 7. They often taste sour, like vinegar or lemon juice

Question 11

Bases

Answer 11

substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and have a pH greater than 7. They often feel slippery, like soap or baking soda.

Question 12

Buffers

Answer 12

substances that keep the pH of a solution stable by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base

Question 13

Carbohydrates

Answer 13

are molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy for the body and are found in foods like bread, pasta, and fruits

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

are molecules made up of amino acids. They are essential for building and repairing tissues, making enzymes and hormones, and supporting overall body functions. They’re found in foods like meat, beans, and nuts

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

are molecules that store energy and make up cell membranes. They’re found in fats, oils, and certain vitamins

Question 16

Nucleic acids

Answer 16

are molecules that carry genetic information. They include DNA and RNA