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AP Physc > Unit 1: Biology Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

Unit 1: Biology Bases of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Biological psychology

A

thoughts, feelings, and emotions that result from neurotransmitter messages traveling between nerve cells.

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2
Q

Neuron

A

the basic building blocks of the nervous system.

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

receive natural impulses from neurons and act as a messenger of impulses to the cell body.

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4
Q

Axons

A

convey impulses away from the cell body and towards other neurons, muscles, or glands.

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5
Q

myelin sheath

A

increases the speed of transportation of neural impulses, no myelin sheath decreases the rate of impulse transmission.

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6
Q

action potential

A

an electrical charge that transmits messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands because of the membrane’s electrical charge reaching a stimulation threshold.

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7
Q

Threshold

A

the lowest point of response in a stimuli

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8
Q

synapse

A

the space between neurons, (the synaptic gap)

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

are triggered from action potential reaching the end of an axon; neurotransmitters allow electrically charged atoms to enter neurons that are receiving and create a new action potential.

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10
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

facilities memory, learning and how we move our muscles; a deficiency is believed to lead to Alzheimer’s. (Acetylcholine, Alzheimers)

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11
Q

Endorphins

A

facilitate pain control, pleasure, and memories, exercise makes endorphins

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12
Q

nervous system

A

is the communication system that carries info using electrochemicals to all parts of the body

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13
Q

central nervous system

A

is the brain and spinal cord, located in the CENTER of the body, the bodys command center

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14
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

is nerves and neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of your body, messenger of brain signals to muscles and glands

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15
Q

Nerves

A

are neurons who have specialized functions; kinds of nerves: receptor cells, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons

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16
Q

Sensory neurons

A

respond to physical stimuli by sending messages to the brain and nervous system to respond. (Pick up on the color of the stoplight)

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17
Q

Interneurons

A

are not sensory or motor neurons but still connects neurons within the nervous system

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18
Q

Motor neurons

A

respond to sensory neurons by transmitting signals to muscles and glands to activate responses to physical stimuli (Allow the driver to press the gas or brake)

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19
Q

somatic nervous system

A

allows communication with the outside world, connects the PNS to CNS to sensory receptors

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20
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

sends impulses from Central NS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands

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21
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activates in times of stress, “fight or flight”, respiratory and heart rates increase, pupils dilate, the body perspires (sweat), and salivation decreases.

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22
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

allows a person to return to being calm after “fight or flight” or sympathetic

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23
Q

Reflex

A

is an involuntary movement

24
Q

Neural networks

A

is when neurons send messages to other neurons that they received from a neuron; like gossip

25
Q

lesion

A

is when neurons become damaged

26
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

records electrical activity that sweeps the brain in waves

27
Q

CT (computed tomography) scan

A

creates a static picture of the brain, least expensive, used to see the effect that strokes, tumors, and brain disorders have on patient

28
Q

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

A

produces images of the brain that provide information about glucose metabolism, detect abnormalities, and identify which brain areas active during certain activities

29
Q

MRI vs fMRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

produces detailed images of the brain to map brain structures or identify abnormalities

30
Q

Brainstem

A

consists of hindbrain and midbrain, controls the survival functions of body

31
Q

Medulla

A

controls needed functions to survive like breathing, heartbeat, and swallowing; if injured it could be life-threating

32
Q

reticular formation

A

regulates attention, arousal, sleep, alertness, and conciousness

33
Q

Thalamus

A

recieves input from senses and directs the information to the appropriate area; if injured cause blindness and deafness

34
Q

cerebellum

A

controls small muscle movements like typing on a keyboard and maintains balance.

35
Q

limbic system

A

is associated with emotion, motivation, and memory; includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.

36
Q

amygdala

A

controls emotions mainly aggression and fear; temper

37
Q

hypothalamus

A

is located under the thalamus, called the “master control center” bc it controls the pituitary gland; associated with communication between the CNS and endocrine system

38
Q

cerebral cortex

A

is responsible for complex behaviors and mental processes; divided into 2 hemispheres. LEFT: verbal and analytical functions, RIGHT: nonverbal activities like music or visual recognition tasks

39
Q

glial cells

A

support and protect neurons and maintain homeostasis

40
Q

frontal lobes

A

control functions like planning, decision-making, and judging what’s good and bad; Broca’s area (Example: makes important decisions like deciding what college to attend)

41
Q

parietal lobes

A

interpret bodily sensations like pain, temperature, or touch (Example: if you loose ability to feel pain in left arm, right parietal lobe damaged)

42
Q

occipital lobes

A

control vision

43
Q

temporal lobes

A

processes audio; Wernicke’s area

44
Q

motor cortex

A

controls bodily movement

45
Q

sensory cortex

A

controls all bodily sensations

46
Q

association areas

A

link sensory and motor areas

47
Q

Aphasia

A

is a communication disorder; usually bc of a stroke or head injury

48
Q

Broca’s area

A

produces speech; damaged would cause difficulty moving muscles to speak

49
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls language development

50
Q

Plasticity

A

allows for changes in structure or formation, how the brain heals after injury

51
Q

corpus callosum

A

s a bundle of fibers that connect the left and right hemisphere

52
Q

Split brain

A

is the surgical cutting of the corpus callosum to prevent epileptic seizures because it disrupts communication between the left and right hemispheres.

53
Q

endocrine system

A

makes hormones, sends hormones to bloodstream, and regulates release of hormones

54
Q

Hormones

A

act like messenger molecules that help control how cells and organs work

55
Q

adrenal glands

A

play a important role in stress response, “fight or flight”

56
Q

pituitary gland

A

produce and release hormones that help bodily functions (growth, metabolism, reproduction, and response to stress and trauma)

AP Physc (1 decks)

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