Unit 1 Biology Flashcards
First person to study cells in 1665
Robert Hooke
He coined the name ‘cells’
Only cell visible through light microscopes
Nucleus
What is the Cell Theory
- All living organisms are made of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic organizational unit of life
- All cells come from pre-existing
Cytosol
The fluid material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Cell Membrane
Separates the inside of the cell from the external environment controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
Includes the cytosol, the organelles and other life supporting materials, such as sugar and water all contained by the cell membrane
Mitochondria
Where energy is released from glucose to fuel cell activities
POWERHOUSE
Ribosomes
Help to produce proteins, which make up much of a cell’s structure and are required for activities necessary for the cells survival
Some ribosomes float in the cytoplasm and others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicles
Membrane covered sacs that transport and/or store materials inside the cell and sometimes help these materials cross the cell membrane to enter or exit the cell
Golgi Body
Sorts and packages proteins and other molecules for transport out of the cell
Nucleus
Controls all cell activities
Vacuoles
Contain water and other materials and are used to store or transport small molecules; plant cells tend to have one large vacuole; animal cells tend to have smaller vacuoles
Cytoskeleton
Filaments and tubules that provide a framework for cell, helping it maintain its structure and providing “tracks” along which vesicles and organelles can’t move
Cell wall
A tough, rigid structure lying just outside a plant cells membrane, provides support for the cell
Chloroplasts
Found only in plant cells; trap energy from the sun to make glucose, which is broken down in the mitochondria to power ell activities (animals must get glucose from the food they eat)
