Unit 1 - Biology

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Selectively permeable and regulates the the transport of materials in/out of the cell. It separates the contents from the outside

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Maintains cell shapes and stores chemicals needed by the cell for metasolic reasons

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Controls/regulates cellular activity and houses genetic material called chromatin, DNA and proteins, with instructions for making proteins. Double membrane

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Makes RNA and ribosomes

Question 5

Rough ER

Answer 5

Protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes and the newly synthesised proteins are transported to the golgi apparatus and form vesicles

Question 6

Smooth ER

Answer 6

Responsible for synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Newly made proteins are received here from the rough ER. Golgi apparatus modifies them and then packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported

Question 8

Ribosomes 80s

Answer 8

Protein synthesis occurs here

Question 9

Mitochondrian

Answer 9

The site of the final stages of cellular reproduction. Double membrane

Question 10

Vesicles

Answer 10

Transport vesicles transport materials inside the cell and secretary vesicles transport proteins that are to be released from the cell to the cell surface membrane

Question 11

Lyosomes

Answer 11

Break down waste materials including old organelles and digests them (that have been engulfed by the neutrophil) with enzymes

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

Form spindle fibres during cell division

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

Protects and supports each cell and the whole plant

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

Site of photosynthesis. Light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll and used to produce carbohydrate molecules from water and carbon dioxide

Question 15

Vacuole

Answer 15

Maintains turgor to ensure a rigid framework in the cell

Question 16

Tonoplast

Answer 16

Selectively permeable to allow small molecules to pass through

Question 17

Amyloplast

Answer 17

Responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch granules

Question 18

Plasmodesmata

Answer 18

Enable transport and communication between individual plant cells

Question 19

Pits

Answer 19

Allow water to enter and leave xylem vessels

Question 20

Features of a plant cell but not an animal cell

Answer 20

Cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole

Question 21

Define eukaryotic

Answer 21

Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles e.g. plant or animal cells

Question 22

Advantages of light microscopes

Answer 22

• can observe the colour of the specimen
• unaffected by magnetic fields
• quick and simple slide preparation
• can observe live specimens
• training is not required

Question 23

Disadvantages of light microscopes

Answer 23

• low resolution (so you can view small structures)
• low magnification (as light = longer wavelength)
• depth of magnetic field is restricted (due to diffraction of light)

Question 24

I = A x M

Answer 24

image size = actual size x magnification

Question 25

1mm = ?μm

Answer 25

1000μm

Question 26

1μm = ?nm

Answer 26

1000nm

Question 27

1m = ?mm

Answer 27

1000mm