unit 1- biodiversity Flashcards
how does asexual reproduction work + what are its benefits?
plants make both the egg and the sperm, animals clone themselves. advantage of not needing to find a mate
how does sexual reproduction work + what are its benefits?
requires 2 individuals, advantage of genetic diversity
what is the study of the evolutionary relations between different groups?
phylogeny
what is the science of classifying all organisms and what is the system called?
taxonomy, binomial nomenclature
what are the levels of classification?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
what are prokaryote cell walls made of?
peptidoglycan
what type of cell does not have membrane bound organelles?
prokaryote
what type of cell has DNA contained in its nucleus?
eukaryotic
what type of cell is small and unicellular?
prokaryote
what similarities do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?
a cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane
what are the 2 prokaryotic kingdoms?
eubacteria & archaebacteria
what makes archaebacteria different from eubacteria?
archaebacteria carries major genetic and structural differences from eubacteria. DNA evidence brings archaea to be closer in relation to eukaryotes
what are the 4 parts of a prokaryotic cell?
flagellum, DNA, ribosomes and pili
what are the 4 kingdoms of eukaryotes?
fungi, plantae, animalia and protista
what are the similarities in RNA & DNA
both carry genetic information, consist of sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate backbone
what are the 2 essential components of a virus?
A core of genetic material (DNA/RNA) and a head known as a capsid which is made a protective protein coat
why are viruses not present in the taxonomy (2 reasons)
they do not possess all of the necessary characteristics of living organisms, they are unable to metabolize on their own (homeostasis) and are only capable of reproducing within living cells
what type of cells will a virus use to replicate itself?
a permissive host cell. one that cannot prevent the reproduction of the virus
describe the lytic cycle
in unfavourable conditions, the virus will attach itself to a host cell and inject its DNA. It will next replicate itself in the cell using the host’s cellular metabolism. it will then break out in a process called lysis.
describe the lysogenic cycle
in favourable conditions, the virus will inject its DNA into the host and replicate itself within the cell. it will remain in a dormant state until it is stimulated. upon stimulus the virus will reactivated and will send all infected cells back into the lytic cycle
why is influenza A impossible to prevent
bc/ they mutate easily which changes their genetic code. with this, past vaccines are inefficient
what are the different shapes of bacteria?
spheres- cocci, rod- bacilli, spirals- spirella
what are the different arrangements of bacteria?
pairs- diplo, chain- strepto, cluster- staphlo
what are pili used for?
to help bacteria adhere to surfaces, helps the cell avoid attacks from white blood cells & used for the transfer of genetic info (conjugation)
