Unit 1 Bio- The structure of cells

Question 2

Inorganic vs organic

Answer 2

An organic compound is a complex, carbon-containing compound that is thought to be of ‘biological origin’.An inorganic compound is a simpler compound that is not of biological origin.

Question 3

Examples of organic compounds

Answer 3

CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsProteins

Question 4

Examples of inorganic compounds

Answer 4

WaterOxygenCarbon dioxideNitrogenMinerals

Question 5

Tests for compounds in cells

Answer 5

Iodine is an indicator for starchColoured strips indicate the presence of glucose

Question 6

Structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 6

Described as a ‘fluid mosaic’.Main structural component are phospholipids- hydrophilic phosphate head with hydrophobic lipid tails.Also contains proteins and cholesterol for extra support and particle chanels.

Question 7

Structure of proteins

Answer 7

Monomer: amino acidCHON(SP): carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some contain sulfur and phosphorous

Question 8

Structure of lipids

Answer 8

NOT A POLYMER, NO REPEATING SUBUNITSSubunit: triglyceride (glycerol and three fatty acids)CHO(NP): carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and some contain nitrogen and phosphorous

Question 9

Composition of carbohydrates

Answer 9

Monomer: glucoseCHO: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 10

Composition of nucleic acids

Answer 10

Monomer: nucleotideCHONP: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous

Question 11

Properties of water

Answer 11

pH:Cohesiveness: water molecules are very cohesive, meaning that they have a strong tendency to stick together. This property allows thin columns of water to be pulled up tree trunks without breaking. The cohesiveness also creates a strong surface tension, which allows small insects to walk across water without breaking into the molecules and sinking.Heat capacity: water has a very high heat capacity, meaning that it can absorb a great deal of heat with very little increase in temperature. Important for temperature regulation. Heat within organisms can be absorbed by a body water without heating the cells much. Because water ha a high vapourisation temperature, the evaporation of even small amounts of water will be effective in cooling that part of the body surface.

Question 12

Where are lipids located in cells?

Answer 12

Fundamental structural component of cell membranes

Question 13

Where are proteins located in cells?

Answer 13

RER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, generally all throughout cell

Question 14

Where are carbohydrates found in cells?

Answer 14

Cellulose: plant cell wall for supportMitochondria: carbohydrates a broken down into simple sugars and ATP for cell energy

Question 15

Where are nucleic acids found in cells?

Answer 15

There are two types of nucliec acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is located in the nucleus, and RNA moves out from the nucleus into the ribosomes.

Question 16

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 16

Amino acids that are not naturally formed within an organism but are required for function, and so must be consumed as part of the organism’s diet.

Question 17

What is cell theory?

Answer 17

All cells come from pre-existing cellsAll living organisms are made up of cellsCells are the smallest living organisational unit

Question 18

Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, but prokaryotes do not.

Question 19

Plant vs animal cells

Answer 19

Cell structure: plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, but animals do not have cell wallsEnergy sourcing: plants use chloroplasts and photsyntheis, whereas animals use mitochondria and cellular respiration

Question 20

Explain the two main microscopy types.

Answer 20

Light microscopy: uses visible light to examine cells and tissues.Electron microscopy: an object is viewed using an electron beam instead of light. Higher resolution a thousands times greater than light microscopy.