unit 1 bio - B3 tissue structure and function

Question 1

four types of tissue

Answer 1

nervous
epithelium
muscle
connective

Question 2

three types of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

squamous epithelial tissue
columnar epithelial tissue
endothelial tissue

Question 3

properties of squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 3

flat, one cell thick
endothelial cells make a smooth layer - great for rapid diffusion of oxygen to blood and carbon dioxide to lungs

Question 4

Where are squamous epithelial cells located

Answer 4

line the alveoli in the lungs
and
Skin

Question 5

how does epithelium cells get damaged from smoking -
in three steps

Answer 5

it irritates and causes scaring and inflammation of the epithelium tissue in the lungs.

The alveoli wall becomes thicker due to scaring and produce more mucus

The damage to the air sacs cause a loss of natural elasticity in the lungs and emphysema.

Question 6

what symptoms does emphysema cause

Answer 6

breathlessness
persistent coughing
phlegm

(symptoms associated with COPD)

Question 7

what does COPD stand for
and what is it

Answer 7

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorderis a common lung.
A disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems.

Question 8

cilliated cells

Answer 8

cells with tiny hair like structures.

Question 9

properties of cilliated columnar epithelial tissue

Answer 9

tall, elongated
made up off column shaped cilliated cells with cillia covering the cell surface

Question 10

where can the cilliated columnar epithelial tissue be located

Answer 10

the trachea in the respiratory system in order to protect the lungs from infection

Question 11

How do cilliated columnar epithelial cells affect the lungs from infection (via goblet cells)

Answer 11

By sweeping pathogens from the lungs .
column shaped goblet cells are inside the respiratory tract and they produce mucus to trap any unwanted particles to then get swept from the cilla to prevent bacteria from reaching the alveoli in the lungs

which could cause an infection otherwise.

Question 12

What do goblet cells do

Answer 12

produce mucus

Question 13

what is the endothelial tissue (properties)

Answer 13

layer of flattened cells, one layer thick
provide a short diffusion pathway for the movement of substances ( e.g :-
-products of digestion into blood capillaries,
-blood plasma and tissue fluid in and out blood capillaries)

Question 14

where is the endothelial tissue located

Answer 14

heart
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels

Question 15

lumen

Answer 15

space inside a structure

Question 16

artery

Answer 16

the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 17

what two things can damage the inner lining of arteries

Answer 17

high blood pressure
carbon monoxide

Question 18

process of build up which happens inside the arteries

Answer 18

atherosclerosis

Question 19

whats atherosclerosis
(4 marks)

Answer 19

where your lumen decreases inside due to build up of atheromas (deposits) / foam cells.

The deposits build up which can break the inner endothelial lining of the arteries.

This can result in plaque contributing to a smaller lumen.

This causes high blood pressure

Question 20

what do white blood cells do under the lining of endothelial cells?

Answer 20

They repair the damage and encourage the growth of smooth muscle cells
and
the deposition of fatty substances like cholesterol under the endothelial lining NOT ABOVE THE SURFACE.

Question 21

risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 21

High blood pressure.
Smoking.
Type 1 diabetes.
Obesity.
lack of excersise
bad diet

Question 22

Three types of muscle tissue

Answer 22

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 23

what is skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 23

Found attached to bones.
You can control its contraction and relaxation.
Sometimes it contracts in response to reflexes.

Question 24

What is smooth muscle tissue

Answer 24

muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and bladder.
It is not under voluntary control.

Question 25

What is cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 25

IT is only found in the heart and contracts at a steady pace to make an heart beat
It is not under voluntary control.

Question 26

What are muscle cells?

Answer 26

cells that are elongated and form fibre.

Question 27

What do muscle cells contain and what does that enable?

Answer 27

They contain protein filaments called ACTIN and MYOSIN
that enable muscles to contract and cause movement.

Question 28

How do bones move?

Answer 28

muscle tissue contracting

Question 29

what are muscle fibres

Answer 29

muscle fibres are long strands of cells sharing a nuclei and cytoplasm.

Question 31

action potentials

Answer 31

nerve impulses