unit 1 bio - B3 tissue structure and function Flashcards
check for any extra info that needs to e added
four types of tissue
nervous
epithelium
muscle
connective
three types of epithelial tissue
squamous epithelial tissue
columnar epithelial tissue
endothelial tissue
properties of squamous epithelial tissue
flat, one cell thick
endothelial cells make a smooth layer - great for rapid diffusion of oxygen to blood and carbon dioxide to lungs
Where are squamous epithelial cells located
line the alveoli in the lungs
and
Skin
how does epithelium cells get damaged from smoking -
in three steps
it irritates and causes scaring and inflammation of the epithelium tissue in the lungs.
The alveoli wall becomes thicker due to scaring and produce more mucus
The damage to the air sacs cause a loss of natural elasticity in the lungs and emphysema.
what symptoms does emphysema cause
breathlessness
persistent coughing
phlegm
(symptoms associated with COPD)
what does COPD stand for
and what is it
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorderis a common lung.
A disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems.
cilliated cells
cells with tiny hair like structures.
properties of cilliated columnar epithelial tissue
tall, elongated
made up off column shaped cilliated cells with cillia covering the cell surface
where can the cilliated columnar epithelial tissue be located
the trachea in the respiratory system in order to protect the lungs from infection
How do cilliated columnar epithelial cells affect the lungs from infection (via goblet cells)
By sweeping pathogens from the lungs .
column shaped goblet cells are inside the respiratory tract and they produce mucus to trap any unwanted particles to then get swept from the cilla to prevent bacteria from reaching the alveoli in the lungs
which could cause an infection otherwise.
What do goblet cells do
produce mucus
what is the endothelial tissue (properties)
layer of flattened cells, one layer thick
provide a short diffusion pathway for the movement of substances ( e.g :-
-products of digestion into blood capillaries,
-blood plasma and tissue fluid in and out blood capillaries)
where is the endothelial tissue located
heart
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
lumen
space inside a structure
artery
the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
what two things can damage the inner lining of arteries
high blood pressure
carbon monoxide
process of build up which happens inside the arteries
atherosclerosis
whats atherosclerosis
(4 marks)
where your lumen decreases inside due to build up of atheromas (deposits) / foam cells.
The deposits build up which can break the inner endothelial lining of the arteries.
This can result in plaque contributing to a smaller lumen.
This causes high blood pressure
what do white blood cells do under the lining of endothelial cells?
They repair the damage and encourage the growth of smooth muscle cells
and
the deposition of fatty substances like cholesterol under the endothelial lining NOT ABOVE THE SURFACE.
risk factors for atherosclerosis
High blood pressure.
Smoking.
Type 1 diabetes.
Obesity.
lack of excersise
bad diet
Three types of muscle tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
what is skeletal muscle tissue
Found attached to bones.
You can control its contraction and relaxation.
Sometimes it contracts in response to reflexes.
What is smooth muscle tissue
muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and bladder.
It is not under voluntary control.
What is cardiac muscle tissue
IT is only found in the heart and contracts at a steady pace to make an heart beat
It is not under voluntary control.
What are muscle cells?
cells that are elongated and form fibre.
What do muscle cells contain and what does that enable?
They contain protein filaments called ACTIN and MYOSIN
that enable muscles to contract and cause movement.
How do bones move?
muscle tissue contracting
what are muscle fibres
muscle fibres are long strands of cells sharing a nuclei and cytoplasm.
action potentials
nerve impulses
