Unit 1: Beer and history of brewing Flashcards
What is the average range of alcohol in beer?
1.2-10% abv
(eg) 6-50ml per 500ml
Name 6 types of cereals?
Barley
Wheat
Oats
Rye
Maize
Rice
Simple definition of beer?
“An alcoholic beverage that Produced by the fermentation of sugars coming from cereals which is flavoured with hops”
What are the first 3 steps found in a typical brewery layout and briefly explain what they do?
1) Malt storage: Stored your cereals
2) Mill (Milling): Grounds the malt or other cereal into a powder called “GRIST”
3) Mashing: Water is added to the grist to make a porridge like substance called “MASH”, then left to sit for a time at a required temp to extract sugars from the ground cereal.
What are steps 4-6 in a typical brewery layout and briefly explain what they do?
4) Wort separation: The mash gets separated into the sugary liquid “WORT” and the leftover solids “SPENT GRAINS”
5) Wort boiling: The wort gets boiled and hops are added for bitterness
6) Trub separation: Wort gets clarified by removing any unwanted hop material “TRUB”
What are steps 7-10 in a typical brewery layout and briefly explain what they do?
come back to this
What are the key elements of a glass of beer?
1) Clarity
2) Colour
3) Carbonation
4) Aroma
5) Taste
6) Foam
Where does clarity in beer come from?
Final filtration step
Where does the colour of a beer come from?
Comes from the malt or other cereals used
Where does the carbonation in beer come from?
CO2 produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeast
Where does the aroma of beer come from?
Hops, cereals, yeast
Where does the taste of beer come from?
Bitterness and freshness from the hops, sweetness and body from the cereals
Where does the foam come from?
Materials extracted from the malts and hops that don’t like being in water so hold onto the CO2 bubbles and get trapped in them (causing the foam not to completely dissipate like most sodas)
How many styles of beer are there across the world?
over 200
What styles of beers are in the Lager (Saccharomyces pastorianus) family?
Czech pilsner
German pilsner
Dark lager
Amber lager
American light
What styles of beer are in the Ale (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) family?
German ale (Kolsch)
Farmhouse (Saison)
Wheat (HefeWeissen/ wit beer)
Aus/ UK/ USA (Mild, IPA, Stout/ porter, pale ale/ bitter, barely wine, new England IPA, imperial stout)
What styles of beer are in the Mixed Fermentation (Wild yeast + bacteria) family?
Mixed fermentation (Flanders oud bruin)
Spontaneous fermentation (Fruit, gueuze, lambic)
Where does lager yeast collect in the vessel at the end of fermentation?
At the bottom
When are where was the earliest recorded beer?
5000 B.C. in whats now called Iran
What is the “Tablet of Stone”?
In 4000 B.C archaeologists found a stone tablet showing people drink beer through a straw
Pyramid builders
In 2500 B.C. Ancient egyptians were given 4-5 L of beer a day while building the pyramids. (i think because it was safer than drinking the water)
Beer makes it into verse
In 1800 B.C. a sumerian poem and recipes celebrate the goddess Ninkasi (goddess of beer)
Start of commercial brewing
In the 700’s the Europeans monasteries brewed beer for sale
When were hops first added to beer?
1100
Beer law
In 1516 the Rheinheitsgebot Law defines beer and beer ingredients in Germany
Steam power
in 1760 steam engines were first used in breweries to help industrialize the brewing process.
Louis Pasteur
In 1857 the famous scientist who worked mainly in beer discovered yeast as a microorganism
Lets form a club
In 1886 the “Laboratory Club” was formed in the UK which was the predecessor of the Institute of brewing and distilling
Can we have a beer?
In 1959 the USA launched the first ever aluminum beer can
The rise of the keg
In 1960 the growth of beer in kegs starts in the United Kingdom, where before beer was served in casks
