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Geometry > Unit 1: Basic Tools & Transformations > Flashcards

Unit 1: Basic Tools & Transformations Flashcards

1
Q

Angle

A

An angle is a figure formed by two rays that share the same endpoint. The rays are called sides.

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2
Q

Plane

A

A plane is a flat surface that has infinite length and width but no thickness. Name a plane with one capital script letter or any three points on the plane that are not on the same line.

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3
Q

Line

A

A line is a collection of points arranged in a straight path. A line has no thickness, but it does have direction and infinite length. Use arrows to show that a line continues endlessly in both directions. Name a line by naming any two points on the line in any order. You can also name a line with one lowercase script letter.

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4
Q

Point

A

A point is a location in space with no length, width, or depth. You represent a point with a dot and name a point with a capital letter.

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5
Q

Line Segment

A

A line segment is a part of a line that consists of any two points on the line and all the points in between those two points. A line segment has a specific length and can be measured. Name a line segment by naming its endpoints, in either order.

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6
Q

Ray

A

A ray is part of a line that starts at an endpoint and extends infinitely in one direction. Name a ray by naming its endpoint first and then any other point on the ray. The direction of the ray affects the naming of the ray.

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7
Q

What geometric term does the flight path of a plane on radar represent?

A

A line.

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8
Q

Vertex

A

A vertex is the common endpoint of two rays that form an angle.

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9
Q

Collinear

A

Lying on the same line.

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10
Q

Noncollinear

A

Not lying on the same line.

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11
Q

Coplaner

A

Lying on the same plane.

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12
Q

Ruler Postulate

A

The points on a line that can be numbered to that positive number differences measure distances.

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13
Q

How do you find the length of a line segment?

A

Subtract the coordinates of the endpoints. If the result is negative, make it positive.

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14
Q

What is distance always?

A

Positive.

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15
Q

Segment Addition Postulate

A

If B is between A and C, then AB+BC=AC. Also, if AB+BC=AC and A, B, and C are collinear, then B is between A and C.

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16
Q

Segment Congruence Postulate

A

If two segments have the same length as measured by a fair ruler, then the segments are congruent ( ≅ approximately equal to). Also, if two segments are congruent, then they have the same length as measured by a fair ruler.

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17
Q

Postulate

A

A thing suggested or assumed to be true as the basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.

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18
Q

What is Euclid’s five postulates?

A

The five Euclid’s postulates are: Postulate Euc-1, Postulate Euc-2, Postulate Euc-3, Postulate Euc-4, Postulate Euc-5.

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19
Q

Define Postulate Euc-1.

A

Postulate Euc-1 states that any two points can be connected with a line segment .

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20
Q

Define Postulate Euc-2.

A

Postulate Euc-2 states that any line segment can be extended indefinitely in two directions to make a line.

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21
Q

Define Postulate Euc-3.

A

Postulate Euc-3 states that given any line segment, a circle can be drawn that has the segment as it radius and one as its endpoint.

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22
Q

Define Postulate Euc-4.

A

Postulate Euc-4 states that all right angles are equivalent to each other.

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23
Q

Define Postulate Euc-5.

A

Postulate Euc-5 states that, given any straight line and a point not on that line, there is exactly one line through the point that is parallel to that line.

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24
Q

Adjacent Angle

A

Two angles are Adjacent when they have a common side and a common vertex (corner point) and don’t overlap.

25
Q

Acute Angle

A

An angle less than 90°.

Acute is derived from Latin “acutus” meaning sharp

26
Q

Obtuse Angle

A

An angle greater than 90°.

27
Q

Right Angle

A

An angle of 90°.

28
Q

Straight Angle

A

An angle of 180°.

29
Q

Supplementary Angle

A

Either of two angles whose sum is 180°.

30
Q

Complementary Angle

A

Either of two angles whose sum is 90°.

31
Q

Linear Pair

A

Two angles are a linear pair if the angles are adjacent and the two unshared rays form a line.

32
Q

Define Linear Pair Postulate.

A

Linear Pair Postulate states that two angles that form a linear pair are supplementary.

33
Q

Angle Addition Postulate

A

If point D lies in the interior of ∠ABC, then m∠ABD + m∠BDC = m∠ABC. That is, the measure of the larger angle is the sum of the measures of the two smaller ones.

34
Q

Angle Congruence Postulate

A

If two angles have the same measure as measured by a protractor, then the angles are congruent. Also, if two angles are congruent, then they have the same measure as measured by a protractor.

35
Q

Dilation

A

A transformation that changes the size, but not the shape, of a figure (either by shrinking or enlarging it).

36
Q

Image

A

A figure after a transformation.

37
Q

Isometry

A

Any transformation that results in an image that is congruent to the pre-image.

38
Q

Line of Reflection

A

A line or segment about which an image is reflected.

39
Q

Pre-Image

A

An original figure before transformation.

40
Q

Reflection

A

An isometric transformation that flips a figure across a line or line segment, creating a mirror image of the figure.

41
Q

Rigid Motion

A

Motion(s) that preserves the size and shape of a figure throughout transformation.

42
Q

Rotation

A

An isometric transformation that turns a figure a certain number of degrees, called the angle of rotation, around a central point, known as the center of rotation.

43
Q

Angle of Rotation

A

The amount of rotation, measured in degrees.

44
Q

Center of Rotation

A

The center of rotation is a point about which a plane figure rotates. This point does not move during the rotation.

45
Q

Coordinate Plane

A

A plane in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting perpendicular lines called ‘axes’.

46
Q

Function

A

A special kind of relation in which each value of the input variable is paired with exactly one output variable.

47
Q

Input

A

A number that will be used in a function rule to determine the the value of the output.

48
Q

Output

A

An amount that comes out of a function.

49
Q

Polygon

A

A plane figure with at least three straight sides and angles, and typically five or more.

50
Q

Concave Polygon

A

A polygon in which at least one line segment that connects any two points inside the polygon does not lie completely inside the polygon.

51
Q

Convex Polygon

A

A polygon in which every line segment connecting any two points inside the polygon lies inside the polygon.

52
Q

Exterior Angle

A

An angle formed by two sides of a polygon, one of which extends outside the polygon.

53
Q

Interior Angle

A

Any of the angles inside the polygon.

54
Q

Center of Dilation

A

The point of intersection of the lines that connect each point on the pre-image with its corresponding point on the image.

55
Q

Contraction

A

A dilation for which the absolute value of the scale factor; as related to the pre-image, is between 0 and 1.

56
Q

Dilation

A

A transformation that changes the size, but not the shape, of a figure.

57
Q

Expansion

A

A dilation for which the the absolute value of the scale factor; as relation to the pre-image, is greater than 1.

58
Q

Scale Factor

A

The ratio of the side length of the image to the corresponding side length of the pre-image.

Geometry (1 decks)

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