Unit 1-Area Of Study 1-Chapter3-Energy Transformations

Question 1

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Answer 1

The inability of cells to use any oxygen; caused by inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase enzyme

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

A chemical reaction where a water molecule is added

Question 3

Starch

Answer 3

Complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide), polymer of glucose units; main storage carbohydrate in many plant cells

Question 4

Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Carbohydrates made of many monosaccharide units

Question 5

Glycogen

Answer 5

A polysaccharide that is the storage carbohydrate in liver and muscle tissue

Question 6

Heterotrophs

Answer 6

Organism that ingests or absorbs food in the form of organic material from their environment; also known as a consumer

Question 7

Autotrophs

Answer 7

Organisms that, given a source of energy, can produce their own food from simple inorganic substances; also known as producers

Question 8

Holoparasites

Answer 8

Form of parasitism in which a plant parasite depends completely on its host for nutrients and water

Question 9

Hemiparasitism

Answer 9

Form of parasitism in which a plant parasite obtains some nutrients and water from

Question 10

Accessory Pigments

Answer 10

Pigments, other than chlorophyll, that trap light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll

Question 11

Deciduous

Answer 11

Trees or plants that lose their leaves seasonally

Question 12

Chemical energy

Answer 12

Potential energy stored in substances that becomes available when certain types of chemical reactions occur

Question 13

Oxygenic

Answer 13

(Oxygen-producing) the type of
photosynthesis carried out by plants and algae

Question 14

Chemosynthesis

Answer 14

Autotrophic bacteria that use energy from chemical reactions to synthesise organic matter from inorganic substances

Question 15

Mid Ocean Ridges

Answer 15

Series of ridges and mounts located on the ocean floor

Question 16

Hydrothermal Vents

Answer 16

Regions at the ocean depths where mineral-laden superheated water escapes from the Earth’s crust, typically through a ‘chimney’ composed of precipitated mineral deposits

Question 17

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 17

The breakdown of glucose to simple inorganic compounds in the presence of oxygen and with release of energy that is transferred to ATP

Question 18

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 18

Respiration that occurs without
the involvement of oxygen; the end products of anaerobic respiration in human muscle are lactic acid and carbon dioxide

Question 19

Fermentation

Answer 19

Process of anaerobic respiration in yeasts that results in alcohol formation

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

A process that does not require oxygen where glucose is broken down to pyruvate

Question 21

Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 21

Second stage of aerobic respiration,
occurring mainly in mitochondria, in which pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide

Question 22

Electronic Transport Chain

Answer 22

Third stage of aerobic
respiration in which electrons are transferred along a series of compounds known as cytochromes to be finally accepted by oxygen; energy released during this process results in the major yield
of ATP

Question 23

Positron Emission Tomography(PET)

Answer 23

Non-invasive technique that provides images of metabolic activity of tissues

Question 24

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 24

Organism that can live regardless of whether oxygen is present or not

Question 25

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 25

Microbe that lives only in anoxic conditions to which oxygen is toxic

Question 26

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 26

Anaerobic respiration in yeasts alleles: the different forms of a particular gene