Unit 1: AOS 1 - Concepts of health (Health Status Indicators) Flashcards
What is a health status indicator?
- Measurable characteristics of a population which researchers use as supporting evidence for describing the health of a population.
What are the three ways they are presented?
- Health status indicators relating to death
- Health status indicators relating to ill-health
- Health status indicators relating to death and ill-health combined
What is health status?
An individual’s or population’s overall level of health and wellbeing, taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity.
What are the health status indicators?
- Psychological distress
- Self-assesed health status
- Life expectancy
- Mortality (YLL)
- Morbidity (Incidence, Prevalence, YLD)
- Burden of disease (including DALY, YLL and YLD)
- Rates of hospitalization
- Core activity limitation
What is self-assessed health status?
- Is based on an individual’s own perception of their health and wellbeing.
- It is a subjective measure.
What is life expectancy?
- An indication of how long a person can live: it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
What is mortality?
- Mortality refers to death, particularly at a population level.
What are the 2 ways of considering mortality?
- the number or rate of deaths in a population.
- the years of life lost (YLL), where one YLL is equal to one year of life lost due to premature death.
What is the mortality rate?
- the mortality rate is an indication of how many deaths occurred in a population in a given period for a specific cause or for all causes combined.
What is YLL?
- Years of life lost (YLL)
- If a person dies from a given condition 30 years before the predicted life expectancy for their age, then they have contributed 30 YLL to that particular cause of death.
What is morbidity?
- Morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence, prevalence).
What is the morbidity rate?
The rate at which illness or disease occurs in a population.
What are the 2 ways of considering morbidity?
- the number or rate of people reporting a condition.
- the years lost due to disability (YLD), where one YLD is equal to one ‘healthy’ year of life lost due to time lived with disease, injury or disability.
Define ‘Incidence’?
- Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a given period (usually 12 months)
Define ‘Prevalence’?
- Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a condition at a given time.
What is YLD?
- Years lost due to disability (YLD)
What is burden of disease?
- Burden of disease is a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries
What is DALY?
DALY - Disability adjusted life years
What is core activity limitation?
- When an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance, with any of the three core activities.
- Core activities relate to three main areas of life:
1. Self-care
2. Mobility
3. Communication in own language - If an individual has difficulty in any of the three core activities, they may have a core activity limitation.
What are the 4 main levels of core activity limitation?
Profound — those who answered yes to always needing help are classified as having a ‘profound core activity limitation’
Severe — those who don’t always need help, but may require help at times, are classified as having a ‘severe core activity limitation’
Moderate — those who have difficulty with the tasks are classified as having a ‘moderate core activity limitation’
Mild — those who simply require aids to undertake the task are classified as having a ‘mild core activity limitation’.
What is psychological distress?
- Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that have an impact on an individual’s level of functioning.
