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Chemistry > Unit 1 and Unit 2 test > Flashcards

Unit 1 and Unit 2 test Flashcards

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1
Q

what is chemistry

A

the study of the composition, properties, reactions, and structure of matter

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2
Q

what did the ancient Egyptians use chemistry to produce

A

perfumes and dyes

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3
Q

what did the Egyptians also know how to refine e

A

metals (gold, copper, iron) to make jewelry and currency

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4
Q

in 400 BC what did the Egyptians do

A

started using chemicals in medicines

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5
Q

alchemy

A

the forerunner of chemistry transform metals

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6
Q

what were the alchemist’s goals

A

to create the philosopher’s stone and the elixir

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7
Q

What did the alchemist create a lot of

A

glassware used in today’s labs

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8
Q

what did the alchemist discover

A

acids and bases

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9
Q

examples of modern chemistry

A

clothing dyes, kevlar

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10
Q

2 approaches to reasoning

A

inductive or deductive

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11
Q

inductive reasoning

A

first, make specific observations then draw general conclusions

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12
Q

deductive reasoning

A

start with a general observation then make a specific claim

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13
Q

what happens when a hypothesis is confirmed repeatedly

A

it becomes a theory

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14
Q

what is matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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15
Q

physical properties

A

describe what we can observe or measure without changing the identity of the substances

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16
Q

examples of physical properties

A

state of matter, color, length, density, boiling point, freezing point

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17
Q

chemical properties

A

properties that describe how substances react

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18
Q

examples of chemical properties

A

gasoline is flammable, and iron rusts

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19
Q

extensive/ extrinsic properties

A

properties that depend on the amount of matter

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20
Q

intrinsic/intensive

A

properties that do no change when the amount of matter changes

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21
Q

examples of intrinsic

A

density, color, boiling point, freezing point

22
Q

solids

A

have definitive shape and definitive volume

23
Q

liquids

A

definitive volume and take the shape of the container

24
Q

gases

A

do not have definitive shape and fill their container

25
Q

how can you convert from one form of matter to the other

A

the addition or removal of energy

26
Q

vapor

A

is something that is some other state of matter at room temperature

27
Q

the fourth state of matter

A

plasma

28
Q

plasma

A

charged gas

29
Q

when is plasma created

A

when a gas is heated strongly or when it is electrified

30
Q

pure substances

A

have a definite, unchanging, chemical composition

31
Q

elements

A

substances made of only one type of atoms

32
Q

compounds

A

substances made of two or more elements chemically combined

33
Q

what is the smallest unit of an element

A

atom

34
Q

how can compounds be broken down

A

chemical means

35
Q

what are the properties of a compound always

A

different from the properties of the elements making it up

36
Q

what happens when two or more elements are physically combined

A

a mixture is created

37
Q

mixtures

A

can be separated by physical means and they do not have a definite chemical composition

38
Q

homogenous mixtures

A

they have a uniform composition and you cant pick out the individual components

39
Q

examples of homogenous mixtures

A

gasoline, air, tap water, brass, sterling silver,

40
Q

liquid and gaseous mixtures can also be known as

A

solutions

41
Q

heterogeneous mixtures

A

do not have a uniform composition-you can see the individual components or phases

42
Q

heterogeneous mixtures examples

A

ocean water, lemonade with pulp

43
Q

physical changes

A

can be reversed - matter changes form but no identity

44
Q

examples of physical changes

A

tearing pieces of paper, freezing, adding food coloring to water

45
Q

chemical change

A

one that results in the formation of at least one new substance

46
Q

examples of chemical changes

A

burning a piece of wood, baking, rusting,

47
Q

evidence of chemical change

A

change of color, production of gas, formation of precipitation

48
Q

chromatography

A

used for liquids when at least one of the components is colored - placing a small dot of the solution onto chromatography paper - the paper goes into the beaker which has a small amount of solvent in the bottom

49
Q

distillation

A

separating a liquid solution where the components have different boiling points

50
Q

evaporation

A

a solid is dissolved in a liquid

51
Q

filtration/Gravimetric analysis

A

used to separate a solid from a liquid when the solid is large enough to be caught in filter paper

52
Q

decanting

A

basically pouring off the top layer while leaving the bottom layer behind

Chemistry (6 decks)

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