Unit 1 and Unit 2 test

Question 1

what is chemistry

Answer 1

the study of the composition, properties, reactions, and structure of matter

Question 2

what did the ancient Egyptians use chemistry to produce

Answer 2

perfumes and dyes

Question 3

what did the Egyptians also know how to refine e

Answer 3

metals (gold, copper, iron) to make jewelry and currency

Question 4

in 400 BC what did the Egyptians do

Answer 4

started using chemicals in medicines

Question 5

alchemy

Answer 5

the forerunner of chemistry transform metals

Question 6

what were the alchemist’s goals

Answer 6

to create the philosopher’s stone and the elixir

Question 7

What did the alchemist create a lot of

Answer 7

glassware used in today’s labs

Question 8

what did the alchemist discover

Answer 8

acids and bases

Question 9

examples of modern chemistry

Answer 9

clothing dyes, kevlar

Question 10

2 approaches to reasoning

Answer 10

inductive or deductive

Question 11

inductive reasoning

Answer 11

first, make specific observations then draw general conclusions

Question 12

deductive reasoning

Answer 12

start with a general observation then make a specific claim

Question 13

what happens when a hypothesis is confirmed repeatedly

Answer 13

it becomes a theory

Question 14

what is matter

Answer 14

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 15

physical properties

Answer 15

describe what we can observe or measure without changing the identity of the substances

Question 16

examples of physical properties

Answer 16

state of matter, color, length, density, boiling point, freezing point

Question 17

chemical properties

Answer 17

properties that describe how substances react

Question 18

examples of chemical properties

Answer 18

gasoline is flammable, and iron rusts

Question 19

extensive/ extrinsic properties

Answer 19

properties that depend on the amount of matter

Question 20

intrinsic/intensive

Answer 20

properties that do no change when the amount of matter changes

Question 21

examples of intrinsic

Answer 21

density, color, boiling point, freezing point

Question 22

solids

Answer 22

have definitive shape and definitive volume

Question 23

liquids

Answer 23

definitive volume and take the shape of the container

Question 24

gases

Answer 24

do not have definitive shape and fill their container

Question 25

how can you convert from one form of matter to the other

Answer 25

the addition or removal of energy

Question 26

vapor

Answer 26

is something that is some other state of matter at room temperature

Question 27

the fourth state of matter

Answer 27

plasma

Question 28

plasma

Answer 28

charged gas

Question 29

when is plasma created

Answer 29

when a gas is heated strongly or when it is electrified

Question 30

pure substances

Answer 30

have a definite, unchanging, chemical composition

Question 31

elements

Answer 31

substances made of only one type of atoms

Question 32

compounds

Answer 32

substances made of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 33

what is the smallest unit of an element

Answer 33

atom

Question 34

how can compounds be broken down

Answer 34

chemical means

Question 35

what are the properties of a compound always

Answer 35

different from the properties of the elements making it up

Question 36

what happens when two or more elements are physically combined

Answer 36

a mixture is created

Question 37

mixtures

Answer 37

can be separated by physical means and they do not have a definite chemical composition

Question 38

homogenous mixtures

Answer 38

they have a uniform composition and you cant pick out the individual components

Question 39

examples of homogenous mixtures

Answer 39

gasoline, air, tap water, brass, sterling silver,

Question 40

liquid and gaseous mixtures can also be known as

Answer 40

solutions

Question 41

heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 41

do not have a uniform composition-you can see the individual components or phases

Question 42

heterogeneous mixtures examples

Answer 42

ocean water, lemonade with pulp

Question 43

physical changes

Answer 43

can be reversed - matter changes form but no identity

Question 44

examples of physical changes

Answer 44

tearing pieces of paper, freezing, adding food coloring to water

Question 45

chemical change

Answer 45

one that results in the formation of at least one new substance

Question 46

examples of chemical changes

Answer 46

burning a piece of wood, baking, rusting,

Question 47

evidence of chemical change

Answer 47

change of color, production of gas, formation of precipitation

Question 48

chromatography

Answer 48

used for liquids when at least one of the components is colored - placing a small dot of the solution onto chromatography paper - the paper goes into the beaker which has a small amount of solvent in the bottom

Question 49

distillation

Answer 49

separating a liquid solution where the components have different boiling points

Question 50

evaporation

Answer 50

a solid is dissolved in a liquid

Question 51

filtration/Gravimetric analysis

Answer 51

used to separate a solid from a liquid when the solid is large enough to be caught in filter paper

Question 52

decanting

Answer 52

basically pouring off the top layer while leaving the bottom layer behind