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Psychology Unit 1-9 > Unit 1 and 9 > Flashcards

Unit 1 and 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

A

Industrial Organization Psychology (I/O)

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2
Q

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

A

Psychometric

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3
Q

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

A

natural selection

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4
Q

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

A

socio-culture psychology

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5
Q

the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

personality psychology

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6
Q

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.

A

humanistic psychology

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7
Q

people who appyl psychological principles in legal issues

A

forensic psychologist

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8
Q

the different complementary views, from biological to psychological to socio-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

levels of analysis

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9
Q

the science of behavior and mental processes

A

PSYCHOLOGY

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10
Q

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

A

structuralism

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11
Q

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

A

nature vs nurture issue

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12
Q

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

A

human factors pyschology

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13
Q

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

A

psychodynamic psychology

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14
Q

the scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

A

social psychology

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15
Q

a school of psychology that focuses on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

functionalism

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16
Q

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who often provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

A

psychiatry

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17
Q

the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

cognitive psychology

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18
Q

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

A

behavioral psychology

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19
Q

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities survive

A

positive psychology

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20
Q

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, language)

A

cognitive neuroscience

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21
Q

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

A

experimental psychology

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22
Q

a branch of psychology that studies who people interact with their social environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

A

community psychology

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23
Q

a branch of psychology that studies psychical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

A

developmental psychology

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24
Q

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

A

biopsychological psychology

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25
Q

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

A

basic research

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26
Q

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

A

clinical psychology

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27
Q

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

A

empiricism

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28
Q

the study that roots behavior and mental processes affect and can enhance using principles of natural selection

A

evolutionary psychology

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29
Q

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being (school, work, or marriage)

A

counselling psychology

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30
Q

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

A

educational psychology

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31
Q

a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

A

biological psychology

32
Q

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

A

testing effect

33
Q

the view that psychology (1)should be an objective science that studies (2) behavior without reference to mental processes. most agree with 1 but not 2

A

behaviorism

34
Q

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

applied research

35
Q

numerical data that allow one to generate- to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population

A

sampling bias

36
Q

a technique for ascertaining, the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

A

survey

37
Q

a compared measure of how much vary around rhe mean score

A

standard deviation

38
Q

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

A

theory

39
Q

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups

A

random assignment

40
Q

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in distribution

A

range

41
Q

the middle scare in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

A

median

42
Q

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

A

naturalistic observation

43
Q

a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer than the extremes

A

normal curve

44
Q

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

A

replication

45
Q

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. the resulting difference between 2 groups is not due to chance if p value is less than 0.05

A

statistical significant

46
Q

a statement of procedures (operations) used to define research variables. for example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures

A

operational definition

47
Q

effect experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent

A

placebo

48
Q

all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn

A

population

49
Q

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

A

validity

50
Q

the most frequently occurring scores in a distribution

A

mode

51
Q

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A

random sample

52
Q

the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

A

mean

53
Q

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the value of 2 variables

A

scatterplot

54
Q

a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between the relative movements of two variables (from -1—+1)

A

correlation coefficient

55
Q

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

A

hypothesis

56
Q

a experimental process where both the participants and the research staff are unaware of who received a placebo and the treatment

A

double blind procedure

57
Q

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

A

critical thinking

58
Q

an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participates

A

informed consent

59
Q

the experimental factor that is manipulated

A

independent variable

60
Q

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

A

cultures

61
Q

the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants, mandatory by APA ethical standard

A

debriefing

62
Q

numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups; includes measures of central tendency and measure of variation

A

descriptive variation

63
Q

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hopes of revealing universal principles

A

case study

64
Q

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

A

inferential statistics

65
Q

the outcome factor

A

dependent variable

66
Q

the group not exposed to the experiment

A

control group

67
Q

a representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value

A

skewed distribution

68
Q

a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

A

histogram

69
Q

the perception of a relationship where none exist

A

illusory correlation

70
Q

a confounding variable that influences both the independent and the dependent variables

A

third variable

71
Q

the tendency to believe that after learning an outcome , one would have been able to see it for what it was (I knew it all along)

A

hindsight bias

72
Q

a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

A

confounding variable

73
Q

the group that is exposed to the treatment in a experiment

A

the experimental group

74
Q

a measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

A

correlation

75
Q

a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effects

A

experiment

76
Q
A

Psychology Unit 1-9 (2 decks)

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