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Anatomy 290 > Unit 1, Anatomy of the Trunk > Flashcards

Unit 1, Anatomy of the Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal (Posterior)

A

Back Side

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2
Q

Ventral (Anterior)

A

Stomach Side

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3
Q

Cranial (Superior)

A

Head Side (top)

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4
Q

Caudal (Inferior)

A

Feet Side (bottom)

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5
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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6
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline

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7
Q

Superficial

A

Lying atop

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8
Q

Deep

A

Beneath

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9
Q

Proximal (relates to limbs)

A

Located closer to trunk

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10
Q

Distal (relates to limbs)

A

Located further from trunk

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11
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides body into ventral and dorsal parts

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12
Q

Mid-Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body into right and left halves

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13
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into cranial and caudal parts

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14
Q

Somites

A

Segmental embryonic cells (lie in pairs along developing spinal cord)

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15
Q

What is the cervical region?

A

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2), no vertebral body, has dens

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16
Q

What is the thoracic region?

A

Superior and Inferior Costal Facets T1-T12 vertebrae (Transverse Costal Facets on transverse process of T1-T9 vertebrae)

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17
Q

What is the Lumbar Region?

A

no foramina in transverse processes or costal facets for rib articulation

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18
Q

What is the Sacral region?

A

five fused vertebrae, wedge- shaped, attaches vertebral column to hip bones

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19
Q

What is the coccygeal?

A

tiny caudal vertebrae

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20
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament attach?

A

Anterior vertebral body to “

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21
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament attach?

A

posterior vertebral body to “

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22
Q

ligamenta flava ligament attach?

A

lamina to “

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23
Q

intertransverse ligament attach?

A

transverse process to “

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24
Q

Interspinous ligament attach?

A

spinous process to “

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25
Q

Supraspinous ligament attach?

A

posterior spinous process to “

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26
Q

Nuchal ligament attach?

A

skull to cervical spinous process

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27
Q

What is the Acetabulum?

A

joint surface located at fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubid

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28
Q

What is the obturator foramin?

A

hole, located between ischium and pubis

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29
Q

Ilium?

A

largest and most superior of the three bones in the pelvic girdle, includes: iliac crest with an anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, iliac fossa, and greater sciatic notch

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30
Q

Ischium?

A

most posterior and inferior bone of the os coxae, includes: Ischial spine that projects posteriorly, ischial tuberosity which is the part we sit on, ischial ramus that joins the inferior pubic ramus to form a bar of bone, and a lesser sciatic notch

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31
Q

Pubis?

A

most anterior bone of the os coxae and has a superior pubic ramus and an inferior pubic ramus, the two bones articulate in the anterior midline at the pubic symphysis. Lateral to the pubic symphysis is the pubic tubercle

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32
Q

What is the hip bone called?

A

Os Coxae

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33
Q

Sacroiliac (posterior and anterior) ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments

A

sacrum to ilium

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34
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments

A

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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35
Q

Sacrospinous ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments

A

sacrum to ishial spine

36
Q

Inguinal ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments

A

anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tuberacle

37
Q

Splenius’ muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle

A

Action: Bilateral- extend head and neck
Unilateral- laterally flex head and neck
Innervation: cervical and thoracic dorsal rami

38
Q

Iliocostalis muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle

A

Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami

39
Q

Longissimus muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle

A

Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami

40
Q

Spinalis muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle

A

Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami

41
Q

Semispinalis muscle action and innervation? **intermediate epaxial muscle

A

Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami

42
Q

Multifidus muscle action and innervation? **intermediate epaxial muscle

A

Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami

43
Q

External Intercostal muscle action and innervation? **thoracic hypaxial muscle

A

Action: elevates ribs during inspiration; stabilizes thoracic wall
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

44
Q

Internal Intercostal muscle action and innervation? **thoracic hypaxial muscle

A

Action: depresses ribs during expiration; stabilizes thoracic wall
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

45
Q

Transversus thoracis action and innervation? **thoracic hypaxial muscle

A

Action: depresses ribs during expiration
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

46
Q

External Oblique muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle
**Doctor’s coat, pocket, front

A

Action: Compress abdomen and support viscera; flex and rotate trunk
Innervation: T7-T12 ventral rami

47
Q

Internal Oblique muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle
**patient’s robe, hands in prayer, back

A

Action: Compress abdomen and support viscera; flex and rotate trunk
Innervation: T7-T12, L1 ventral rami

48
Q

Transverse Abdominis muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle

A

Action: compress abdomen and support viscera
Innervation: T7-T12, L1 ventral rami

49
Q

Rectus Abdominis muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle

A

Action: flex trunk, compress abdomen and support viscera
Innervation: T7-T12 ventral rami

50
Q

Levator Ani muscle action and innervation? **Pelvic hypaxial muscle

A

Action: Supports pelvic viscera; raises pelvic floor (helps to compress abdominal contents during heavy breathing, coughing, puking)
Innervation: sacral and ventral rami

51
Q

Coccygeus muscle action and innervation? **Pelvic hypaxial muscle

A

Action: supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx
Innervation: Sacral ventral rami

52
Q

Dorsal Roots contain what kind of neurons and where?

A

sensory neurons; dorsal root ganglia

53
Q

Ventral Roots contain what kind of neurons and where?

A

motor neurons; ventral horns

54
Q

Spinal Nerves contain what kind of neurons?

A

sensory and motor neurons

55
Q

Where do Dorsal Rami transmit sensory impulses and which muscles?

A

skin of back (via posterior cutaneous nerves); epaxial muscles

56
Q

Where do Ventral Rami transmit sensory impulses and which muscles?

A

skin of anterior and lateral sides of trunk (via anterior and lateral cutaneous nerves); hypaxial muscles

57
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

abnormal thoracic curvature (hunchback)

58
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

prominent lumbar curvature (very arched back)

59
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature in the spine

60
Q

What is it called when muscles occur in sets?

A

Antagonistic pairs

61
Q

What is a fascia?

A

layer of fibrous connective tissue located under the skin

62
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

a flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue that functions like a {tendon}

63
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

midline of abs

64
Q

What does the central nervous system do?

A

brain, spinal cord; receive and interpret sensory info, generate motor commands

65
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

cranial nn, spinal nn (in head, neck and trunk); transmits sensory info to CNS, transmits motor commands away from CNS to effectors

66
Q

Sensory neuron?

A

carries impulse toward CNS from receptors

67
Q

Motor neuron?

A

carries impulse away from CNS to effectors

68
Q

Three facts about neurons?

A
  1. long-lived cells
  2. require continuous supply of glucose
  3. cant make daughter cells (b/c of undergoing mitosis)
69
Q

What is the fluid called that is inside the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

Cerebro-spinal fluid

70
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

tapering caudal end of spinal cord

71
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

“horse tail” bunch of spinal roots at end of spinal cord

72
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

string-like midline structure at the end of spinal cord

73
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

outermost covering of spinal cord

74
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A

next in after dura mater (covering of spinal cord)

75
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

“cobwebs,” contains cerebrospinal fluid

76
Q

What is the pia mater?

A

innermost covering of spinal cord

77
Q

Where does the diaphragm originate from?

A

cervical somites in the embyro

78
Q

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

A

Phrenic nerve plates 54, 91

79
Q

What three large holes does the diaphragm contain?

A

vein (inferior vena cava), gut tube (esophagus), and Artery (descending aorta)

80
Q

What is a celom?

A

fluid-filled space lined by a membrane

81
Q

What is a celomic cavity enclosed by?

A

a fluid-secreting serous membrane (also called a serosa)

82
Q

What is the parietal serosa?

A

outer part of the body cavity (celom)

83
Q

What is the visceral serosa?

A

inner part of the body cavity (celom), folds around organ

84
Q

What is the celom associated with the lungs? inner and outer name?

A

Pleural cavities
Outer: parietal pleura
Inner: visceral pleura

85
Q

What is the celom associated with the heart? inner and outer name?

A

Pericardial cavities
Fibrous Pericardium
Outer: parietal pericardium
Inner: visceral pericardium

86
Q

What is the celom associated with the abdominal and pelvic organs? inner and outer name?

A

Peritoneal Cavities
Outer: parietal peritoneum
Inner: visceral peritoneum

Anatomy 290 (2 decks)

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