Unit 1 Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
anatomical position
A
position in which the body stands erect with feet together arms by the side and palms facing forword
2
Q
median (mid sagittal)
A
dividing the body into left and right halves down the center
3
Q
sagittal plane
A
dividing the body into left and right halves but NOT IN THE CENTER
4
Q
frontal planes (coronal)
A
dividing the body into front and back halves
5
Q
horizontal planes (transverse)
A
dividing the body into top and bottom sections
6
Q
medial
A
closest to the median plane
7
Q
lateral
A
away from the median plane
8
Q
posterior
A
near the back of the body
9
Q
anterior
A
near the front of the body
10
Q
inferior
A
near the feet
11
Q
superior
A
near the skull
12
Q
proximal
A
near the attachment point
13
Q
distal
A
away from attachment point
14
Q
ipsilateral
A
same side
15
Q
contralateral
A
opposite side
16
Q
flexion
A
decreasing the angle (bending)
17
Q
extension
A
increasing the angle (straighten)
18
Q
abduction
A
moving away from the body
19
Q
adduction
A
moving towards the body
20
Q
rotation
A
turning a body part around an axis
21
Q
circumduction
A
moving a body part in a circle
22
Q
opposition
A
pad to pad touch (thumb can touch other fingers)
23
Q
thumb abduction
A
thumb away from the body
24
Q
thumb adduction
A
anatomical position
25
thumb extension
stick thumb straight out
26
thumb flexion
thumb moves close to fingers
27
dorsiflexion
lift the toes
28
plantarflexion
pointed toes
29
protusion
jaw sticks out
30
retrusion
retrack the jaw in
31
protraction
hunch the shoulders
move shoulder forward
32
retraction
throw shoulders backwards
move shoulder backwards
33
elevation
shrugging the shoulders
34
depression
relaxation of shoulders
35
eversion
roll ankle away from midline
36
inversion
roll ankle towards midline
37
pronation
back of the hand is up
38
supination
anatomical position
palm is up
39
flexion and extension can only happen in what plane
frontal plane
40
abduction and adduction can only happen in what plane
sagittal plane
41
axial skeleton
the center bones
42
appendicular skeleton
bones attached to the middle skeleton
43
3 types of joints
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
43
what is the most common joint
synovial
44
fibrous joints
heavy thick tissue dont move
45
cartilaginous
thick cartilage joints
46
types of synovial joints
pivot
ball and socket
plane
hinge
saddle
condyloid
47
how many curvatures are in the adult spine?
4
they provide flexible, shock absorbing support for the body
48
primary cuvatures
thoracic 1 degree
sacral 1 degree
develop during fetal period
49
secondary curvatures
cervical 2 degrees
develops as infant begins to hold head up
lumbar 2 degrees
develops when infant begins to walk upright
50
kyphosis
abnormal increase in thoracic curve
hunch back
51
lordosis
anterior rotation of the pelvis
52
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve that is accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae
53
Trapezius Origin
medial one-third of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
external occipital protuberance
ligamentum nuchae
C7 - T 12 and the corresponding supraspinous ligaments
54
Trapezius Insertion
lateral third of the clavicle (superior fibers)
acromion process, spine of the scapula (middle fibers)
base of scapular spine (inferior fibers)
55
Trapezius Innveration
spinal part of accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)
ventral rami of 3 and 4 cervical nerves
56
Trapezius Function
lower trap draws scap down
middle trap adducts scap
upper trap draws scap upward
rotation of scapula, upper and lowe work together to rotate scap
57
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
T6 - T12
inferior thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
3 or 4 ribs
superior part of muscle usually receives fibers from inferior angle scapula
58
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
59
Latissimus Dorsi Innervation
thoracodorsal nerve C6 and C7 main nerves
they are myotomes~carries muscle on their back
C8 only a little bit
60
Latissimus Dorsi Function
extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint
61
Levator Scapulae Origin
transverse processes of the atlas and axis
transverse processes of the 3 and 4 cervical vertebrae
62
Levator Scapulae Insertion
medial border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine
63
Levator Scapulae Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve, C5
3 and 4 cervical nerves
64
Levator Scapulae Function
elevates the scapula
rotates the scapula
65
Rhomboid Major Origin
spines of the 2 and 5 thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligaments
66
Rhomboid Major Insertion
medial border of the scapula between the bottom of the spine and inferior angle
67
Rhomboid Major Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
myotome is C5 and C4 does not do much
68
Rhomboid Major Function
adducts the scapula
rotates the scapula down
69
Rhomboid Minor Origin
lower part of the ligamentum nuchae
spines of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae
70
Rhomboid Minor Insertion
medial end of the scapula spine
71
Rhomboid Minor Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve myotome C5, C4 is just there
72
Rhomboid Minor Function
adducts the scapula
rotates the scapula down
73
Serratus posterior superior Origin
lower part of the ligamentum nuchae and the spines of the seventh cervical and upper two thoracic vertebrae
74
Serratus posterior superior Insertion
upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs
75
Serratus posterior superior Innervation
ventral primary divisions of T1-T4
76
Serratus posterior superior Function
raises ribs to increase the size of the thoracic cavity
77
Serratus posterior inferior Origin
spines of the lower two thoracic and upper two lumbar vertebrae
78
Serratus posterior inferior Insertion
inferior borders of the lower four ribs
79
Serratus posterior inferior Innervation
ventral primary divisions of T9-T12
80
Serratus posterior inferior Function
draws ribs down and out
81
from C2 (axis) to S1 the vertebrae articulate with each other at WHAT three joints?
one anterior joint, the intervertebral disc
two posterior joints, the zygapophysial joints (facet joints)
82
between the skull and atlas and between atlas and axis there is no what?
no intervertebral discs and facet joints
ONLY synovial joints
83
superficial and intermediate
muscles started in the front and migrated to the back
