Unit 1 Anatomy Flashcards
anatomical position
position in which the body stands erect with feet together arms by the side and palms facing forword
median (mid sagittal)
dividing the body into left and right halves down the center
sagittal plane
dividing the body into left and right halves but NOT IN THE CENTER
frontal planes (coronal)
dividing the body into front and back halves
horizontal planes (transverse)
dividing the body into top and bottom sections
medial
closest to the median plane
lateral
away from the median plane
posterior
near the back of the body
anterior
near the front of the body
inferior
near the feet
superior
near the skull
proximal
near the attachment point
distal
away from attachment point
ipsilateral
same side
contralateral
opposite side
flexion
decreasing the angle (bending)
extension
increasing the angle (straighten)
abduction
moving away from the body
adduction
moving towards the body
rotation
turning a body part around an axis
circumduction
moving a body part in a circle
opposition
pad to pad touch (thumb can touch other fingers)
thumb abduction
thumb away from the body
thumb adduction
anatomical position
thumb extension
stick thumb straight out
thumb flexion
thumb moves close to fingers
dorsiflexion
lift the toes
plantarflexion
pointed toes
protusion
jaw sticks out
retrusion
retrack the jaw in
protraction
hunch the shoulders
move shoulder forward
retraction
throw shoulders backwards
move shoulder backwards
elevation
shrugging the shoulders
depression
relaxation of shoulders
eversion
roll ankle away from midline
inversion
roll ankle towards midline
pronation
back of the hand is up
supination
anatomical position
palm is up
flexion and extension can only happen in what plane
frontal plane
abduction and adduction can only happen in what plane
sagittal plane
axial skeleton
the center bones
appendicular skeleton
bones attached to the middle skeleton
3 types of joints
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
what is the most common joint
synovial
fibrous joints
heavy thick tissue dont move
cartilaginous
thick cartilage joints
types of synovial joints
pivot
ball and socket
plane
hinge
saddle
condyloid
how many curvatures are in the adult spine?
4
they provide flexible, shock absorbing support for the body
primary cuvatures
thoracic 1 degree
sacral 1 degree
develop during fetal period
secondary curvatures
cervical 2 degrees
develops as infant begins to hold head up
lumbar 2 degrees
develops when infant begins to walk upright
kyphosis
abnormal increase in thoracic curve
hunch back
lordosis
anterior rotation of the pelvis
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve that is accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae
Trapezius Origin
medial one-third of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
external occipital protuberance
ligamentum nuchae
C7 - T 12 and the corresponding supraspinous ligaments
Trapezius Insertion
lateral third of the clavicle (superior fibers)
acromion process, spine of the scapula (middle fibers)
base of scapular spine (inferior fibers)
Trapezius Innveration
spinal part of accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)
ventral rami of 3 and 4 cervical nerves
Trapezius Function
lower trap draws scap down
middle trap adducts scap
upper trap draws scap upward
rotation of scapula, upper and lowe work together to rotate scap
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
T6 - T12
inferior thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
3 or 4 ribs
superior part of muscle usually receives fibers from inferior angle scapula
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi Innervation
thoracodorsal nerve C6 and C7 main nerves
they are myotomes~carries muscle on their back
C8 only a little bit
Latissimus Dorsi Function
extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint
Levator Scapulae Origin
transverse processes of the atlas and axis
transverse processes of the 3 and 4 cervical vertebrae
Levator Scapulae Insertion
medial border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine
Levator Scapulae Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve, C5
3 and 4 cervical nerves
Levator Scapulae Function
elevates the scapula
rotates the scapula
Rhomboid Major Origin
spines of the 2 and 5 thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligaments
Rhomboid Major Insertion
medial border of the scapula between the bottom of the spine and inferior angle
Rhomboid Major Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
myotome is C5 and C4 does not do much
Rhomboid Major Function
adducts the scapula
rotates the scapula down
Rhomboid Minor Origin
lower part of the ligamentum nuchae
spines of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae
Rhomboid Minor Insertion
medial end of the scapula spine
Rhomboid Minor Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve myotome C5, C4 is just there
Rhomboid Minor Function
adducts the scapula
rotates the scapula down
Serratus posterior superior Origin
lower part of the ligamentum nuchae and the spines of the seventh cervical and upper two thoracic vertebrae
Serratus posterior superior Insertion
upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs
Serratus posterior superior Innervation
ventral primary divisions of T1-T4
Serratus posterior superior Function
raises ribs to increase the size of the thoracic cavity
Serratus posterior inferior Origin
spines of the lower two thoracic and upper two lumbar vertebrae
Serratus posterior inferior Insertion
inferior borders of the lower four ribs
Serratus posterior inferior Innervation
ventral primary divisions of T9-T12
Serratus posterior inferior Function
draws ribs down and out
from C2 (axis) to S1 the vertebrae articulate with each other at WHAT three joints?
one anterior joint, the intervertebral disc
two posterior joints, the zygapophysial joints (facet joints)
between the skull and atlas and between atlas and axis there is no what?
no intervertebral discs and facet joints
ONLY synovial joints
superficial and intermediate
muscles started in the front and migrated to the back