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OT School > Unit 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Unit 1 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical position

A

position in which the body stands erect with feet together arms by the side and palms facing forword

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2
Q

median (mid sagittal)

A

dividing the body into left and right halves down the center

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3
Q

sagittal plane

A

dividing the body into left and right halves but NOT IN THE CENTER

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4
Q

frontal planes (coronal)

A

dividing the body into front and back halves

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5
Q

horizontal planes (transverse)

A

dividing the body into top and bottom sections

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6
Q

medial

A

closest to the median plane

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7
Q

lateral

A

away from the median plane

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8
Q

posterior

A

near the back of the body

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9
Q

anterior

A

near the front of the body

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10
Q

inferior

A

near the feet

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11
Q

superior

A

near the skull

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12
Q

proximal

A

near the attachment point

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13
Q

distal

A

away from attachment point

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14
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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15
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side

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16
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle (bending)

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17
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle (straighten)

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18
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the body

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19
Q

adduction

A

moving towards the body

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20
Q

rotation

A

turning a body part around an axis

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21
Q

circumduction

A

moving a body part in a circle

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22
Q

opposition

A

pad to pad touch (thumb can touch other fingers)

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23
Q

thumb abduction

A

thumb away from the body

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24
Q

thumb adduction

A

anatomical position

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25
Q

thumb extension

A

stick thumb straight out

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26
Q

thumb flexion

A

thumb moves close to fingers

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27
Q

dorsiflexion

A

lift the toes

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28
Q

plantarflexion

A

pointed toes

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29
Q

protusion

A

jaw sticks out

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30
Q

retrusion

A

retrack the jaw in

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31
Q

protraction

A

hunch the shoulders
move shoulder forward

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32
Q

retraction

A

throw shoulders backwards
move shoulder backwards

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33
Q

elevation

A

shrugging the shoulders

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34
Q

depression

A

relaxation of shoulders

35
Q

eversion

A

roll ankle away from midline

36
Q

inversion

A

roll ankle towards midline

37
Q

pronation

A

back of the hand is up

38
Q

supination

A

anatomical position
palm is up

39
Q

flexion and extension can only happen in what plane

A

frontal plane

40
Q

abduction and adduction can only happen in what plane

A

sagittal plane

41
Q

axial skeleton

A

the center bones

42
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones attached to the middle skeleton

43
Q

3 types of joints

A

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

43
Q

what is the most common joint

44
Q

fibrous joints

A

heavy thick tissue dont move

45
Q

cartilaginous

A

thick cartilage joints

46
Q

types of synovial joints

A

pivot
ball and socket
plane
hinge
saddle
condyloid

47
Q

how many curvatures are in the adult spine?

A

4
they provide flexible, shock absorbing support for the body

48
Q

primary cuvatures

A

thoracic 1 degree
sacral 1 degree
develop during fetal period

49
Q

secondary curvatures

A

cervical 2 degrees
develops as infant begins to hold head up
lumbar 2 degrees
develops when infant begins to walk upright

50
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in thoracic curve
hunch back

51
Q

lordosis

A

anterior rotation of the pelvis

52
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curve that is accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae

53
Q

Trapezius Origin

A

medial one-third of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
external occipital protuberance
ligamentum nuchae
C7 - T 12 and the corresponding supraspinous ligaments

54
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

lateral third of the clavicle (superior fibers)
acromion process, spine of the scapula (middle fibers)
base of scapular spine (inferior fibers)

55
Q

Trapezius Innveration

A

spinal part of accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)
ventral rami of 3 and 4 cervical nerves

56
Q

Trapezius Function

A

lower trap draws scap down
middle trap adducts scap
upper trap draws scap upward
rotation of scapula, upper and lowe work together to rotate scap

57
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

A

T6 - T12
inferior thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
3 or 4 ribs
superior part of muscle usually receives fibers from inferior angle scapula

58
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

A

floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

59
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve C6 and C7 main nerves
they are myotomes~carries muscle on their back
C8 only a little bit

60
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Function

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint

61
Q

Levator Scapulae Origin

A

transverse processes of the atlas and axis
transverse processes of the 3 and 4 cervical vertebrae

62
Q

Levator Scapulae Insertion

A

medial border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine

63
Q

Levator Scapulae Innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve, C5
3 and 4 cervical nerves

64
Q

Levator Scapulae Function

A

elevates the scapula
rotates the scapula

65
Q

Rhomboid Major Origin

A

spines of the 2 and 5 thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligaments

66
Q

Rhomboid Major Insertion

A

medial border of the scapula between the bottom of the spine and inferior angle

67
Q

Rhomboid Major Innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve
myotome is C5 and C4 does not do much

68
Q

Rhomboid Major Function

A

adducts the scapula
rotates the scapula down

69
Q

Rhomboid Minor Origin

A

lower part of the ligamentum nuchae
spines of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

70
Q

Rhomboid Minor Insertion

A

medial end of the scapula spine

71
Q

Rhomboid Minor Innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve myotome C5, C4 is just there

72
Q

Rhomboid Minor Function

A

adducts the scapula
rotates the scapula down

73
Q

Serratus posterior superior Origin

A

lower part of the ligamentum nuchae and the spines of the seventh cervical and upper two thoracic vertebrae

74
Q

Serratus posterior superior Insertion

A

upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs

75
Q

Serratus posterior superior Innervation

A

ventral primary divisions of T1-T4

76
Q

Serratus posterior superior Function

A

raises ribs to increase the size of the thoracic cavity

77
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Origin

A

spines of the lower two thoracic and upper two lumbar vertebrae

78
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Insertion

A

inferior borders of the lower four ribs

79
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Innervation

A

ventral primary divisions of T9-T12

80
Q

Serratus posterior inferior Function

A

draws ribs down and out

81
Q

from C2 (axis) to S1 the vertebrae articulate with each other at WHAT three joints?

A

one anterior joint, the intervertebral disc
two posterior joints, the zygapophysial joints (facet joints)

82
Q

between the skull and atlas and between atlas and axis there is no what?

A

no intervertebral discs and facet joints
ONLY synovial joints

83
Q

superficial and intermediate

A

muscles started in the front and migrated to the back

OT School (1 decks)

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