Unit 1 - Absolutism and Enlightenment

Question 1

Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 1

Royal Minister that helped Louis XIV rule France when he inherited the throne at 5.

Question 2

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 2

Royal Minister that helped Louis XIII when he inherited the throne at 9.
1. Took military and political rights from Huguenots
2.Set up a network of spies
3.Crushed noble conspiracies
4. Executed conspirators

Question 3

Edict of Nantes

Answer 3

-Issued by Henry IV
-promoted religious tolerance of Huguenots
-revoked by Louis XIV

Question 4

Henry IV

Answer 4

-laid foundations for royal absolutism
-increases power of government and nobility
-built roads, bridges, improved agriculture
-promoted religous tolerance of Huguenots

Question 5

Huguenots

Answer 5

French Protestants

Question 6

Louis XIV

Answer 6

-Inherited throne at 5
-believed in divine right to rule
-refers to himself as the sun king
-hated by nobles (he limited their power)
-lived in Verailles

Question 7

Adam Smith

Answer 7

• wrote the wealth of nations
• advocated for a limited government
• -believed government should provide only 3 things:
• -protect from an invasion
• -protect citizens with a police force
  –provide needed infrastructure

Question 8

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 8

• believed government should have separation of powers
• checks and balances to stop one branch from having too much power

Question 9

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 9

• believed people adopted laws and government in order to preserve private property
• wrote the social contract in which society agreed to be governed by its general will

Question 10

Laissez- Faire

Answer 10

• an economic (jobs, money) theory meaning “to let (people) do (what they want)”
• the state should not interfere with the way people spend

Question 11

Versaillies

Answer 11

• most magnificent building in Europe
• symbol of Louis XIV’s wealth and power
• moves seat of power from Paris to Versailles

Question 12

Denis Diderot

Answer 12

• wrote the encyclopedia that attacked religious superstition while supporting religious toleration

Question 13

Enlightenment

Answer 13

• An 18th century movement of people impressed by the scientific revolution and wanted to apply the scientific method to all life
• Enlightenment thinkers believed if Newton discovered natural laws they could govern human society with them and create an ideal society
  -uses scientific reason
  -trying to find new way of government (noticing that absolutism isn’t working)
• 18th century movement composed by people greatly impressed by the scientific revolution
• reason- the application of the scientific method to help understand all life
• influenced by Issac Newton and John Locke

Question 14

Absolutism

Answer 14

-a system in which a ruler has total power
-divine right
-rule of one person
-chosen by god to be king

Question 15

Issac Newton

Answer 15

Scientist that created a series of 3 laws of gravity

Question 16

Social Contract

Answer 16

• written by Thomas Hobbes, people made a social contract that formed a state (Leviathan) to stop themselves from destroying each other

Question 17

John Locke

Answer 17

• not in favor of the absolute rule of one person
• believed that all people were born with natural rights- life, liberty- property

Question 18

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 18

• wrote the social contract
• formed a state called Leviathan which is also the name of his written work that tries to deal with disorder
• in favor of the absolute rule of one person