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Biology 30 > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology =

A

The scientific study of life

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2
Q

Science =

A

field of study that attempts to comprehend the nature of the universe

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3
Q

key functions of life:

A

*Order

*Sensitivity to stimuli

*Reproduction

*Adaptation

*growth and development

*Regulation/homeostasis

*energy processing

*evolution

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4
Q

The cell theory:

A

If it isnt made of at least one cell, it isnt considered living

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5
Q

Three components of cell theory:

A

1) Living things are made up of one or more cells
2) Cells are the simplest structural unit of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

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6
Q

Bacteria =

A

single celled organisms.

very small and simple cells

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7
Q

viruses =

A

Molecules of DNA or RNA that are wrapped in a protein coat

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8
Q

Prions =

A

Misshaped protein that cause other proteins to become misshapen

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9
Q

Yeast =

A

Single celled fungi

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10
Q

Organization of life from smallest to largest:

A

Atoms—molecules—cells—tissues—organs—organ systems—organisms

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11
Q

what are atoms made of?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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12
Q

an atoms nucleus is made of what?

A

protons and neutrons

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13
Q

atomic number -

A

the number of protons in an atom

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14
Q

what is the number at the bottom of an atomic symbol?

A

average atomic mass

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15
Q

what is atomic mass?

A

the number of protons and neutrons

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16
Q

what defines the element number?

A

the number of protons

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17
Q

when and atom gains or loses electrons, what happens?

A

it becomes electrically charged

it becomes an ion

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18
Q

what determines an atoms reactivity?

A

the outter electrons

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19
Q

what is the outter layer of electrons called?

A

valent electrons

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20
Q

what are electrolytes?

A

ions in body fluids that must be kept in balance. they conduct electrical charges

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21
Q

when is an atom most stable?

what is the name for the rule?

A

when the outter shell of electrons is full

(the octet rule)

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22
Q

what is a molecule?

A

atoms held together by bonds

23
Q

what is a compound?

A

a molecule made up of 2 or more different elements

24
Q

what are the 3 types of chemical bonds?

A

ionic, covelent, and hydrogen bonds

25
Q

a bond where electrons are donated is a…

A

ionic bond

26
Q

ionic bond =

A

ions are formed when electrons are donated and opposits attract

27
Q

a bond where electrons are shared is called…

A

a covalent bond

28
Q

a bond where electrons are shared equally…

A

non-polar covalent bonds

29
Q

a covelent bond where electrons are unequally shared is called a…

A

polar covalent bond

30
Q

what do polar covalent bonds result in?

A

molecules with partial charges

31
Q

a bond where an already bonded H is attracted to a negatively charged neighbor is a…

A

hydrogen bond

32
Q

things to note about hydrogen bonds

A

*only occurs between a hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom that is not hydrogen.

*easily made and broken

33
Q

what is dihydrogen monoxide?

A

water/ H2O

34
Q

humans are mostly made of what 4 elements?

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

35
Q

(property of water) what is adhesion?

A

water is attracted to other water molecules and creates surface tension

(water sticks together)

36
Q

(property of water) what is adhesion?

A

the tendancy of water molecules to stick to other objects

37
Q

properties of water - temperature

A

water resists temperature changes.

it takes alot of heat to cause water to increase in temperature and/or change state

38
Q

is solid water more or less dense than liquid water?

A

less dense which is why it floats

39
Q

what is the universal solvent of life?

A

water

40
Q

hydrophilic =

A

polar or charged molecules that dissolve in water

41
Q

hydrophobic =

A

non-polar molecules that do not dissolve in water

42
Q

the acidic side of the ph scale is…

A

6-0

43
Q

the basic side of the ph scale is…

A

8-12

44
Q

what is neutral on the ph scale?

A

7

45
Q

more hydrogen ions are found in a solution that is

A

acidic

46
Q

more hydroxide ions are found in a solution that is…

A

more basic

47
Q

what is a buffer?

A

molecule or solution that resists change

48
Q

what can a ph buffer do?

A

it can absorb H+ and/or OH- or release H+

49
Q

what is homeostasis

A

to maintain a nearly constant internal environment

EX. PH, temperature, and salinity

50
Q

what are 4 major organic molecules?

A

*carbohydrates

*proteins

*nucleic acids

*lipids

51
Q

how many covalent bonds can carbon form?

A

up to 4

52
Q

chains of carbons and hydrogens are called what?

A

hydrocarbons

53
Q

what are functional groups?

A

atoms that form the chemically reactive part of an organic molecule

54
Q
A

Biology 30 (1 decks)

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