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biochem midterm 1 > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

hcooh iupac name

A

methanoic acid

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2
Q

ch3cooh ethanoic acid common name

A

acetic acid

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3
Q

ch3(ch2)14cooh

A

palmitic acid

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4
Q

18 carbon carboxylic acid

A

stearic acid

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5
Q

20 carbon carboxylic acid

A

arachidic acid

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6
Q

ends in -al

A

aldehyde r-c=0

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7
Q

a hydroxly group attached to the cyclic aromatic structure

A

phenol and catecholamine

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8
Q

a cyclic =o

A

quinone

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9
Q

ubiquinone is coQ and is a component of electron transport chain in?

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

formed by carboxylic acids and amines

A

amide

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11
Q

fromed by replacing 1 or more H of NH3 with alkyl or derivative

A

amine

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12
Q

oxygen btwn alkyl groups

A

ether

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13
Q

vesicle structures containing oxidases

A

peroxisome

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14
Q

vesicles with hydrolytic enzymes

A

lysosomes

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15
Q

glycosylation of proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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16
Q

contains enzymes for phospholipd steroid and proteoglycan synthesis

A

er

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17
Q

polymers of these carboxylic acids form amide bonds

A

amino acids, peptide bonds, proteins

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18
Q

primary functional group is aldehyde and ketone

A

carbs

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19
Q

heterogenous fxn group are in what two substances

A

lipids and vitamins

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20
Q

polymers are phosphodiesters

A

nucleic acids

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21
Q

primary functional group of amino acids, peptides and proteins is?

A

cooh

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22
Q

name 3 aliphatic side chains

A

val, leu, Ile

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23
Q

name 3 hydroxyl side groups

A

tyr, hyl, hyp

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24
Q

name 2 sulfur side groups

A

cys met

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25
Q

name 2 carboxyl/ amide side groups

A

asp, glu/asn, gln

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26
Q

name 2 aromatic side groups

A

phe, tyr

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27
Q

what are 3 intermediates in the synthesis of ureas?

A

citrulline, arginosuccininc acid, and ornithine

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28
Q

most amino acids in nature are in what form?

A

L-alpha

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29
Q

when 4 groups on a carbon are different= chiral carbons

two of these structures are known as?

A

enantiomers

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30
Q

if something rotates polarized light to the right it is ?

A

d

its l if it rotates to left

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31
Q

a molecule with both positive and negative charges is

A

zwitterion

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32
Q

what r group absorbs uv light?

A

aromatic

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33
Q

a protein with a carb covalently attached is?

A

glycoprotein

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34
Q

what kind of bonds are formed btwn carbs and amino acids

A

glycosidic bonds

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35
Q

what are 2 enkaphalins we should know?

A

leu-enkaphalin and met-enkaphalin

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36
Q

what are the 2 components of heme?

A

fe2+ and porphyrin

37
Q

in the synthesis of collagen, what happens to proline and lysine?

A

they are hydroxylated

38
Q

the genetic mutation in which gly turns to cys, results in bone bending

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

39
Q

deforemd spine, bone demineraliztion and joint dislocation due to deficiency of lysl oxidase is?

A

lathyrism

40
Q

a conjugated protein contains what 2 things?

A

a base protein= apoprotein

conjugated pair= prostethic group

41
Q

where are antibodies and glycophorin from?

A

glycoproteins

42
Q

where are hb, and cytochromes from?

A

hemoproteins

43
Q

where are chylomicrons, ldl, hdl, vldl, found

A

lipoproteins

44
Q

casein is found?

A

phosphoproteins

45
Q

protease and some hemoproteins (ferredoxin) are from

A

metalloproteins

46
Q

a carb that is less than 6 monosaccharide units?

A

oligosaccharide

47
Q

what are the names of some trioses?

A

glyceraldehyde, glycerose, dhidroxyacetone

48
Q

what are the names of some tetroses

A

erythrose, erythrulose

49
Q

pentoses?

A

ribose, xylose, deoxyribose, ribulose, xylulose

50
Q

hexoses?

A

glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose

51
Q

d-glucose+ d-galactose=

A

lactose

52
Q

glucose+ fructose=

A

sucrose

53
Q

dimer of d-glucose=

A

maltose

54
Q

dimer of d-glucose with beta 1-4 bond=

A

cellobiose

55
Q

what three compunds does starch break into?

A

glucose, maltose, and isomaltose

56
Q

xylose is always the sugar present in the largest amount in this mixture of non-carbs and polysachs

A

hemicellulose

not as strong as cellulose

57
Q

polymers of methoxy phenols such as vanillin are called

A

lignins

58
Q

extensin is a type of ______ found in dietary fibers

A

glycoprotein

59
Q

what are sugar phosphates used for in biological systems?

A

to store and transfer energy

60
Q

waxes contain which functional group

A

esters

61
Q

_______ is formed from the reduction of carbs?

A

poyols

62
Q

dihydroxyacetone reduces into ?

A

glycerol

63
Q

_______ is formed fromt eh oxidation of carbs?

A

sugar acids

64
Q

what is in the vitreous humor of eyes and joint lube in synovial fluid?

A

hyaluronic acid

65
Q

unbranched, repeating dissachs, polymers of carb derivatives. has a long name. whats shortened version

A

GAGS

66
Q

protein backbone for GAGs is?

A

proteoglycans

67
Q

glyco proteins are proteins with attached?

A

oligosacchs

68
Q

name 3 types of steroisomers

A

epimeres (oh), D &L isomers, alpha and beta

69
Q

50:50 of d and l isomers is?

A

racemic mixture

70
Q

sugars get reduced to

A

polyols

71
Q

sugars get oxidized to

A

sugar acids

72
Q

16 chain safa

A

palmitic acid

73
Q

18 chain safa

A

stearic acid

74
Q

20 chain safa

A

arachidic

75
Q

essential fatty acid PUFAs

A

linoleic acid and alpha linolenic acid

76
Q

conditionally essential fattys

A

GLA, AA, EPA

77
Q

CONVERSION

A

LA>GLA>DGLA>AA

78
Q

CONVERSION

A

ALA>EPA>DHA

79
Q

VIT A, E AND K ARE?

A

ISOPRENOID LIPIDS

80
Q

hydrophobicity?

A

c and h bonds do not have polarity so they dont form ionic or h bonds

81
Q

whats an amphipathic lipid?

A

both hydrophobic and hydrophillic, this forms micelles

82
Q

micelles are?

A

particles with a hydrophobic core and hydrophillic surface

83
Q

spoilage of lipid foods due to autooxidation

A

oxidative rancidity

84
Q

due to bacterial hydrolysis

A

hydrolytic rancidity

85
Q

nucleic acids are composed of what 3 things

A

heterocyclic nitrogen bases, pentoses, and phosphatte

86
Q

what makes a nucleoside?

A

nitrogen base + pentose

87
Q

what makes a nucleotide

A

nucleoside + phosphate

88
Q

what contians the codons for directing the sequence of amino acids of a polypeptide?

A

mRNA

89
Q

a cloverleaf structure with hairpin loops, transfer amino acids to ribosomal site where protein synth takes place

A

tRNA

biochem midterm 1 (1 decks)

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